مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 414 (هفته دوم اسفند 1395)

Epidemiologic studies show that the prevalence of type I diabetes mellitus is different in several areas in Iran. The aim of this study was comparison of the risk factors of type I diabetes between the children with and without this disease in Isfahan Province, Iran.
In a case-control study during 2013-2014, 175 patients with type I diabetes as case group and 350 healthy children as control group were selected from Imam Hossein hospital and Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center. Risk factors of type I diabetes mellitus were compared between the two groups using SPSS software.
Findings: Season of birth, number of children, duration of using infant formula, using vitamin D supplement during pregnancy, using vitamin A and D supplement during infancy, family history of types I and II diabetes mellitus, age of attending kindergarten, duration of breast feeding and age of starting supplementary feeding were statistically different between the two groups.
According to the result of our study, in addition to genetic factors, several environmental factors have positive roles in the incidence of type I diabetes. Health providers must plan for reducing these risk factors.

Population-based studies in many countries have shown that carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) has a positive relationship with stroke. Some studies have suggested that many of the foods or body composition have effect on the risk of stroke. However, previous studies have not investigated the relationship between dietary intake and body composition with carotid intima-media thickness. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary intakes and body compositions with carotid intima-media thickness in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA).
In this cross-sectional study, 100 patients (35 to 85 years old) with transient ischemic attack, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. The carotid intima-media thicknes was measured, usual dietary intakes was assessed and body composition was examined for each patient. Pearson’s correlation was used to examine the relationship between the carotid intima-media thickness and other variables.
Findings: The carotid intima-media thickness had a significant negative correlation with intake of linoleic acid and vitamin E, but there was not any relationship with other macronutrients and micronutrients. On the other hand, carotid intima-media thickness was significantly associated with body fat mass, visceral fat area, abdominal circumference, mineral and protein of body.
These data indicated that many of dietary intakes may not have any effect on carotid intima-media thickness but body fat and abdominal obesity indices may be associated with carotid intima-media thickness.

Pain is often managed inadequately and there is no general agreement on the effects of age and gender in pain perception. We performed this study to evaluate the effects of age and gender on acute postoperative pain after cataract surgery.
In this descriptive study, 400 candidates for cataract surgeries were randomly allocated to three age groups (group 1: 20-39, group 2: 40-59, and group 3: 60-70 years old). Topical anesthesia and intravenous sedation were performed in the same manner in all the groups. Pain intensity and additional opioid consumption were assessed just before anesthesia, on arrival to the recovery room, and 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after arrival to the recovery room.
Findings: According to visual analog scale (VAS), 45 minutes postoperatively, pain intensity was significantly higher in women (2.0 ± 1.6) than men (1.9 ± 1.7) and in younger patients (1.8 ± 1.9) than elders (1.7 ± 1.4); but there was significant statistical difference only between different age groups (P = 0.012). At 60 and 120 minutes postoperatively, pain intensity was higher in younger patients and women, too; but the differences were not statistically significant according to age and gender. In addition, the first time of analgesic requirement was earlier in younger patients (20.1 ± 12.9 minutes) than elders (27.8 ± 10.1 minutes) and in women (20.5 ± 8.7 minutes) than men (23.8 ± 13.0 minutes); again, there was significant statistical difference only between different age groups in this regard (P = 0.002).
Younger women experience more intense pain after cataract surgery and need more preoperative and postoperative care.

Broca’s aphasia is a type of aphasia mostly caused by stroke. One of the most common deficits in this kind of aphasia is dysprosody which can cause disruption in patient's communications. In this study, we examined dysprosody in patients with Broca’s aphasia.
10 patients with Broca’s aphasia and 10 normal subjects were selected from speech therapy clinics and rehabilitation centers in Isfahan city, Iran. After recording patients’ voices, the data were analyzed using Praat software in laboratory of the University of Isfahan. The spectrum of each word was analyzed accurately; so that the vowel duration, intensity, and fundamental frequency (f0) of each word were extracted.
Findings: Duration of /a/ was significantly longer in patients than normal people. Vowels preceding voiced stop consonants were found to be longer compared to those preceding voiceless stop sounds. The patients demonstrated a lower degree of performance in f0, and a higher maximum peak intensity compared to the control group. The effects of age in f0, intensity, and /a/ duration were significant but nonlinear.
In this study, we checked the dysprosody in Iranian patients Brocasa aphasia using Praat software. The result of our study can cause changes in knowledge about speech pathology and improving speech deficits in these patients.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are among important gastrointestinal diseases in human and include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Although the prevalence of these diseases in developed countries is high, however, their prevalence is increasing in developing countries such as Iran, too. Treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases at the early stages is very important because of chronic inflammation and its complications on different parts of the body. One of the most important consequences of chronic inflammation is colitis-induced colon cancer. Saffron is a traditionally herbal drug used by people in Asia especially Iran. It has several beneficial effects on the body especially as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. In this paper, we reviewed the effect of crocin on inflammation process especially in inflammatory bowel diseases.