Galen Medical journal
Volume:6 Issue: 1, 2017

Sleep disorder is considered as a common problem throughout the world. Aromatherapy is a kind of treatment performed by using essential oils of plants for improving disease. There is much evidence in the literature, including Iranian traditional medicine, which confirms its positive effects on improving sleep disorder. Related keywords searched some Iranian traditional medicine texts and some new valid databases. In Iranian traditional medicine, aromatherapy is one of the methods of treatment for improving sleep disorders and its done by the temperamental approach. Aroma temperament, brain mal-temperament and specific performance of aroma are three factors for selection of the plants. Fourteen aromatic plants are introduced that can be effective by hypnotic in insomnia and reducing sleep in oversleeping. Aromatherapy is an effective method to improve sleep disorders, and it can be used through various plants in the more specified way with fewer side effects using temperamental approach.

In 1845, leukemia was known as a systemic illness; and it was more than 100 years later that the first report of a significant therapy for leukemia was published in 1948. Leukemia was known as a multifactorial disease rather than a single disease till 1900. In 1965, less than 1% of children with acute leukemia were predictable to have long-term survivors; today, approximately 80% of children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are cured, these achievements are due to the cooperative effort of researchers and physicians in the field. Despite this success, leukemia is still the leading cause of death globally. This review aims to elucidate the history of leukemia from the beginning of the 19th century when scientists defined unusual disorders of the blood cells, till present. Additionally, we tried to discuss the history of the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia with particular emphasis on acute leukemia.

Galanin is a neuropeptide with a wide range of physiological functions that also has stimulatory effects on the reproductive axis. Kisspeptin is a crucial neuropeptide for the stimulation of the reproductive function. In the present study, the interaction of kisspeptin and the galanin signaling system was investigated on the mean serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and the testosterone concentrations in rats.
Fifty-five male Wistar rats in 11 groups (n=5 per group) received saline, kisspeptin (1nmol), P234(1nmol), galanin(1nmol), galantide (1nmol) or simultaneous injections of them via third cerebral ventricle at 07:00 - 07:30. Blood samples were collected at 30 min following the injections. Hormone concentrations were measured using rat kit and the method of the radio-immunoassay (RIA).
Kisspeptin or galanin injection significantly increased both the mean serum LH and the testosterone concentration compared to saline (P The interaction of hypothalamic galanin and kisspeptin signaling pathways may play an important role in the modulation of hormonal control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis

According to the importance of evidence-based policy-making in health scope, this study was conducted to investigate the present situation of decision-making among medical managers.
This cross-sectional study carried out on all the managers worked in one of the hospitals, health centers, medical schools and central departments of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2016. A questionnaire containing demographic data and 50 questions was applied to 5 sections: attitude (9), subjective norms (13), perceived controlled behavior (22), intention (3) and behavior (3). Choronbache α was between 0.73-0.91 emphasizing a good reliability, the questionnaire`s content and face validity were 0.83 and 0.67 respectively. Data was analyzed using Independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation.
The greatest frequency of the respondents belongs to the men (77/85.1%), and the majority of the respondents were in an age range from 30 to 40 years. The highest mean score was related to the indirect attitude (8.17), and the lowest was obtained for the indirect perception (1.21). There was a statistical relationship between the mean score of direct and indirect controlled perceived behavior according to the participants’ educational level (P=0.03 and P=0.043, respectively). A significant relationship was also be observed between direct behavior and educational major (P=0.044). Pearson correlation indicates a significant positive relationship between the manager intention for evidence-based policy-making and all the other variables.
It seems that the present situation of evidence-based decision-making is not appropriate for the university managers. In this regard, planning for the effective courses in knowledge translation, evidence-based policy-making and advanced searching along with monitoring the managers’ decision outcomes through an internal and external audit can have an effective role in improving decisions and enhancing evidence application.

Kisspeptin stimulatesthe reproductive axis while food deprivation or ghrelin inhibits it. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of third cerebral ventricle injection of kisspeptin on mean plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in food deprived D-Lys3-GHRP6treated rats.
In this experimental study, five fed rats received third cerebral ventricular injection of salineat 09:00- 09:30 h. Also, twenty food deprived rats in four groups (n=5 in each group) received third cerebral ventricular injection of saline, kisspeptin(1nmol), D-Lys3–GHRP-6 (20nmol) or D-Lys3-GHRP-6 (20nmol) and kisspeptin(1nmol). Blood samples were collected via the tail vein. Plasma LH concentration was measuredby using LH kit and the method of radioimmunoassay (RIA).
Mean plasma LH level in food-deprived rats decreased significantly compared to fed rats. Kisspeptin significantly increased the mean plasma LH concentrationcompared to fed or food deprived saline group. Injection of kisspeptin in D-Lys3 -GHRP-6-pre-treated rats significantly increased the mean plasma LH concentration compared to fed saline, food deprived saline, alone kisspeptin or alone D-Lys3 -GHRP-6 groups.
Decrease of ghrelin pathway activity may partly be involved in the mediating the stimulatory effects of kisspeptin on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

Flaxseed oil, as the main source of Alpha linolenic acid (ALA), decreases the production of Arachidonic acid (AA) from linoleic acid (LA) that plays an important role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of flaxseed oil and sunflower oil on anthropometric parameters in patients suffering from MS.
In this randomized clinical trial, 60 participants aged 30-60 years who suffered from MS were selected according to ATP III definition and were divided into two even groups receiving flaxseed oil and sunflower oil. Each group received 25 ml of the specified oil on a daily basis for 7 weeks. The anthropometric measures were evaluated on the first and last days of the study.
No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding weight. However, waist circumference reduced significantly in the flaxseed oil group compared to the control group (P=0.001).
The ALA might prevent the increase in adipose tissues. Therefore, it seems that flaxseed oil has beneficial effects on MS.

The use of herbal products is increased among people wordwide. Regarding lacking evidence on the use of herbal medication in children, this study was aimed to determine the effects of Echinacea Purpurea extract on anxiety-like behavior in neonatal rats.
Forty male Wister strain pups in four groups received i.p injections of E. Purpurea extract (40, 80, and 250 mg/kg) or saline on 5th to 9th postnatal days. All pups were examined for anxiety test on the 22nd postnatal day in the elevated plus-maze test. During the test, parameters include percentage of open arm time (%OAT), percentage of open arm entry (%OAE), head dipping, rearing and locomotor activity have been measured.
In the present study, administration of 40, 80 and 250mg/kg doses of the E. Purpurea extract revealed a significant decrease in the %OAT compared to saline group (P The results of present study showed that postnatal administration of E. Purpurea extract increases anxiety in neonatal rats comparing to control group.

Cavernous hemangiomas are common benign vascular malformations. Their existence in the intraventricular region is very rare.
Case Reports: A 43-year old woman with an occipital headache was admitted to the emergency ward. Brain computed tomography scan showed mild hydrocephalus and multiple intraventricular isodense lesions. Imaging findings, especially of Gradient Resonance Echo imaging, were in favor of multiple intraventricular cavernous malformations.
This is a rare presentation of multiple cavernous malformation as occipital headache without needing surgical intervention in this phase. Coexistence of periventricular plaques like Radiologically isolated syndrome of Multiple sclerosis is another unique aspect in this report.

Double vision due to abducens nerve palsy in patients with Pseudotumor cerebri is a very rare finding and usually occurs by increasing in intracranial pressure (ICP) and therefore by the effect of pressure on abducens nerve.
Case Report: A 21-year-old woman has referred to our clinic with symptoms of the headaches, double vision along with nausea and vomiting lasting for three months, with no history of the disease, drug consumption, and the only clinical findings was weighing about 20 Kg for a recent year. In examination VI nerve palsy of the left eye, papilledema of both eyes was reported. The computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a diagnostic test for a patient’s brain lesions shown normal report. Also, other hormone testing and complete blood count were normal. For the next step patient underwent for lumbar puncture (LP), the patient’s cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was measured more than 120 CmH2O. According to the findings of the examination, patient diagnosed with pseudotumor cerebri and underwent for frequent LP, which during that the headaches and double vision symptoms of patient decreased, which indicates that all signs and symptoms of patients caused by pseudotumor cerebri were due to sudden increase in body weight over the past year. Patient prescribed for Acetazolamide and recommended to lose weight with proper diet. For three months of follow-up, symptoms of increased ICP and papilledema have been cleared.
The pseudotumor cerebri is manageable by proper diet, and there is no need for bariatric surgery.