فصلنامه تحقیقات تولیدات دامی
سال پنجم شماره 4 (زمستان 1395)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of silver nanoparticles coated with zeolite on performance, function of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and level of malondialdehyde of broiler chickens. Three handered seventy five 1-day old broiler chicks divided into 5 treatments with 5 replicates (15 chicks per each) and were fed with basal diet, and basal diet supplemented with 1% zeolite and basal diet supplemented with 1% zeolite coated with 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% nanosilver. On days 21 and 42 two birds from each replicate were randomly selected and blood sample from their wing vein were collected to determine the malondialdehyde concentration, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase function in the serum, and then birds was slaughtered and carcass weight and relative weight percentage of thigh, breast and abdominal fat were measured. The result showed that feed conversion ratio of treatments coated with 0.25 (1.78), 0.5 (1/48) and 0.75 (1.92) percent of silver nanoparticles were not different from other treatments (P0.05). In conclusion, silver nanoparticles coated with zeolite at levels of 0.5% as feed additive in broiler diets improved oxidative enzymes concentrations and breast muscle relative weight percentage

This research carried out to identify effective quantitative trait loci in growth rate and Keliber ratio on chromosome 5 of Japanese quail by microsatellite markers. A three-generation resource population was developed by using two distinct Japanese quail strains, wild and white, to map quantitative trait loci underlying growth rate and Kleiber ratio. Eight pairs of white (S) and wild (W) birds were crossed reciprocally and 34 F1 birds were produced. The F1 birds were intercrossed to generate 422 F2 offspring. All of the animals from three generations (472 birds) were genotyped for three microsatellite markers on chromosome 5. Phenotypic data including average daily again and Kleiber ratio were collected on F2 birds. QTL analysis was performed using least squares regression interval mapping method fitting five various statistical models. Significant additive QTL were identified for average daily gain from hatch to one week of age and Kleiber ratio between 3 to 4 weeks of age. Dominance and imprinting QTL effects were not significant. The F2 phenotypic variance explained by the detected additive QTL effects ranged from 1.1 to 3.6 for different traits Significant QTLs identified by doing various statically types for average daily gain and keliber ratio with various effect.

The effects of garlic (Allium sativum) aqueous extract in drinking water were studied on performance, blood lipids and intestinal microflora using 280 Japanese quails in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 14 birds per replicate. The treatments included 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mL garlic aqueous extract per litre of drinking water, respectively. On day 42, two birds per replicate were randomly selected and after sampling from ileum for determining the microflora populations, their carcasses were decomposed. Blood samples were collected on day 42 (one male and one female) and after separating the serum, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were measured. The results indicated that consumption of garlic aqueous extract in drinking water had no significant effect on feed intake, daily gain, feed conversion ratio, weight of carcass, internal organs (P>0.05). Treatments had no significant effect on relative length of the small intestine segments including duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and serum lipids (P>0.05). The different levels of garlic extract had no effect on Lactodacillus and Coliform populations of ileum segment. Number of E.coli colony (CFU/g)in quails that received 2 mL extract (5.83) was lower (P

In order to evaluate the influence of yolk in ovo (embryonic) inoculation of arginine in fifth day of incubation on pulmonary artery, right ventricular and lungs morphological changes in induced ascites broiler chickens, two separate experiments were designed. In first experiment, 560 fertile eggs divided in 7 groups and 4 subgroups and levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg arginine per mL normal saline injected on yolk in fifth day of incubation and a group had no injection. In 20th day of incubation, nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin 1 (ET1) in the pulmonary artery in 2 fetuses per subgroup was measured. The 40 mg arginine per mL normal saline was the most appropriate level of arginine injection (lowest ET1 was 89.93 ng/100 mg tissue and highest NO was 13.35 µmol/100mg tissue). In the second experiment, 300 fertile eggs divided in 2 groups. In first group 40 mg of arginine per mL normal saline injected to 150 fertile eggs. The chickes were separated by sex after hatch. From day 21 to day 48 the rearing temperature reduced to 14-16 ℃ and ascite was induced. In ovo injection of arginine reduced ascites mortality (17.6 vs 48.8%), but the main effect of sex was insignificant (P>0.05). Main effect of arginine injection increased inner pulmonary artery area (3.47mm2 vs 2.67mm2) In treatments without arginine injection compared with those having argenine injection rather than arginine injection some gaps was observed in the lung cell layers. In ovo injection of arginine lowered the mortality rate due to ascites through increasing the pulmonary artery diameter and preserving the natural layers in the lungs.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of mulberry leaves on immune responses and lipid peroxidation by using 200 broiler chicks. Chickens were assigned to five groups and each group was divided into four categories with 10 birds. Diets were supplemented with 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 % hydro-alcoholic extract of mulberry leaves in two periods of three-days (14-17 and 21-24 days). To evaluate cellular immune responses were evaluated by intra-dermal injection of at day16. Sheep red blood cells (SRBC) 25% (0.1 ml) was injected intramuscularly at days 16 and 23 and anti-SRBC IgM and IgG antibody titer were determined by hemagglutination test at days 19 and 26. Concentration of malondialdehyde was measured in serum (days 29 and 42) and muscle of raw and cooked thigh (day 42) after slaughtering birds and storage of thighs at -20 ℃ for six mouth. Results showed that, titer IgG was higher in 8 % blackberry leaf extract (5.7) than control (4.1) on day 26 (P

The morphological traits are polygenic and are affected by environment and polygenes, at the sametime. In this study, the Myostatin gene polymorphism in promoter region (MSTN) and its association with some morphological traits were studied in 120 random selected horses of Oldenburg, Turkmen, Thoroughbred and Caspian pony. After extraction of genomic DNA, PCR was done for 204 bp region of MSTN. The PCR-RFLP method according by SscpI was done for sample genotyping. The results showed that there are two TT and CT genotypes and T and C alleles for MSTN promoter locus in research samples. The MSTN genotypes had no significant effect on none of the chest width, height, hip and neck length traits across all studied breeds. The neck circuit for Thoroughbred and Caspian pony were 114.26 and 87.59 cm in TT genotype and 109.87 and 81.38 cm in CT genotype, respectively and differences were significant. In Oldenburg and Turkmen the TT genotype showed better performances for neck circuit however differences were no significant. In conclusion, there was polymorphism in the studied promoter region in all studied breeds and the MSTN polymorphism, as a candidate gene, can be used to identify the gentic potential differences in horse breeds.

The purpose of this study was to determine the polymorphism of PPP2CA gene in chromosome 5 of sheep and its effect on carcass, growth and fat storage traits in Lori-Bakhtiari and Zel sheep. Blood samples were collected from 140 Zel sheep (breeding or slaughtering), and 165 Lori-Bakhtiari sheep, and their DNA was extracted. Then, the fragment of 243 bp of exon 1 of PPP2CA gene was amplified of and its various patterns were sequenced. Two different banding patterns were observed and the results of sequencing showed existence of two mutations. Within the group of breeding Zel and Lori-Bakhtiari, the effect of T/T and Del/Del genotypes on weaning weight (27.79±1.46 vs 30.67 ± 1.57) and cholesterol (60.76±0.94 vs 54.26±1.65) was significant (P

This study was carried out to assess the nutritional value of tomato pulp (TP) and pistachio hull (PH) treated by pleurotussajorcajo fungi. The treatments for TP were control (not incubated), positive control (incubated without inoculation), treated with mycelium and treated with spawn, and for PH were control (not incubated), positive control (incubated without inoculation) and treated with spawn. Twenty five grams per each two above-mentioned samples and three replicates of each treatments were poured into the glass flask and after sterilizing were kept inside an incubator at 25 °C for three weeks. Data were analyzed based on a completely randomized design. Dry matter, ash and crude protein concentrations from TP were 95.27, 2.40 and 12.81 percent and from PH were 94.63, 9.33 and 7.81 percent, respectively. Processing with fungi led to increase these components in both of two samples (P

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different sources of fat on milk production and composition and blood metabolites during the transition period in the Holstein dairy cow. Sixty multiparous Holstein cows were chosen randomly according to expected parturition. Cows were assigned to 3 groups from 21 days prior to calving until 21 days postpartum. Groups included: 1. control diet with protected palm oil (n = 20), 2. extruded linseed (n =20) and 3. soybean whole roast (n= 20). The diets were similar in dry matter and crude protein content but were different in fat sources. Milk production and composition were measured weekly. Blood samples collected weekly to measure glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides and total cholesterol. Results showed milk yield and DMI were not affected by experimental diets (P > 0.05). Milk compositions were similar (P > 0.05) among diets, except milk fat percentage and milk fat yield which was affected by experimental diets (P