فصلنامه دانش حسابداری مالی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 12، بهار 1396)

Earnings management and its techniques are one of the most important issues from the legislative bodies and researcher's perspective. So, knowing the factors affect managers’ financial reporting behavior is attracted a lot of attention. In this research, the earnings management pattern during different phases of firm's life cycle and the role of growth perspective on it are investigated. In this regard, discretionary accruals and cost stickiness are used to measure accrual and real activities earnings management respectively. Life cycle phases also are determined using net cash flow from operating, financing and investing activities. In order to test hypotheses, financial data of 149 firms listed in TSE during 2008 to 2015 are collected with considering some criteria. The PCSE method is run to analyze data. The results reveal managers use almost earnings management through accrual pattern in introductory and decline phases; although, earnings are manipulated through real activities in growth and maturity phases. In addition, an increase in growth perspective leads to increase in accruals level of firms operating in growth and maturity phases.

The Purpose of This Research Is to Investigate the Effect of Accrual Based Earnings Management and Real Earnings Management on Stock Price Crash Risk of the Listed Companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In Order to Accomplish the Research Objectives, 6 Hypotheses Were Developed for Investigating the Significance of the Relationship Between Corporate Earnings Management and Stock Price Crash Risk of the Companies. Statistical Method for Testing the Research Hypotheses Is Panel Data. For Every Hypotheses One Model Is Estimated. Statistical Sample Included 103 Companies from 1384 To 1393. In This Study, For Measuring the Accrual Based Earnings Management, the Kothari Et Al.’S Model (2005) Was Used. The Research Results Showed That There Is Not a Significant Effect of Accrual Based Earnings Management and Real Earnings Management on Stock Price Crash Risk of the Companies (Which Is Measured by Ncskew and Extr_Sigma). Furthermore, The Research Results Show That There Is a Positive and Significant Effect of the Accrual Based Earnings Management and Real Earnings Management on Stock Price Crash Risk of the Companies (Which Is Measured by Duvol).

Today in the business environment, customer satisfaction plays an important role in achieving organizations to their goals. But it can not be said that all customers are equally involved in the success of the organization, and the point that it emphasizes in customer relationship management studies is the issue customer-base concentration. Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the customer-base concentration and audit fees of the listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). For this purpose, 60 companies during the period from 2010 to 2015 were analyzed using panel data with effects approach.The results indicated that the customer-base concentration has significant negative relation with audit fees. According to the obtained results it can be stated that customer-base concentration indus increasing production coordination, better inventory management and enhancing information sharing along the supply chain. Accordingly, companies that are concentrated customer, to achieve the benefits of joint efforts marketing and advertisements and ultimately reflected the effective reduction of sale costs. these factors can be reduced audit risk; and therefore the auditor’s fee requested will be reduced.

Giving information about company`s earning, is one of managers tools to communicate with the capital market and its participants. As managers satisfy information needs of users with earning related information, they could also affect capital market`s behavior. Earnings forecasts and frequency of forecast revisions is one of these information. The aim of this study is to investigate, how the revision frequency of earnings forecasts affects firms important characteristics, including liquidity, cost of capital and firm value.in present study, Sample, includes 111 firms listed in Tehran stock exchange, during 2009 to 2015, is under statistical test. The test research hypothesis, multivariate regression analysis with GLS approach is used. Finding indicates that there is no meaningful relationship between the frequency of forecast revisions and liquidity and firms value, but it is an important and effective criterion in cost of capital as with increase of the frequency of forecast revisions, accordingly cost of capital increases.

The present study aims to investigate the momentum profits in the short-term, medium, and long-term periods in Tehran Stock Exchange and the role of time varying systematic risk on the existence of momentum profits in various trading strategies. Using 5 trading strategies to verify the existence of momentum profits and comparing momentum profits in short-term and long-term periods, a test of comparing the average of the two communities was applied. Then, autoregressive ARCH and GARCH models were used to estimate the time varying systematic risk. The statistical sample included 120 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2010 to 2015. The results indicates that momentum profits exist in Stock Exchange during short-term and medium-term periods, , but in long-term periods no momentum profits exist. Profits derived from trading strategies with courses of formation and maintenance of 3, 6, and 12 month exist as a result of compensate for higher risk and winner portfolios are exposed to higher risk than loser portfolios.

Information is the vital resource for each company that managers and shareholders use it for making their decisions. Tax avoidance is one of the most important decisions based on internal information and on the other hand, it has negative effect on the information disclosure to shareholders. In this study, the effect of internal information quality and disclosure quality on tax avoidance and risk of tax avoidance strategies of firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange is examined. To test this relations, the data of 967 year-company, include 169 companies during 1386-1392 are gathered. To analyze the data and hypothesis test, the multivariate linear regression and Pearson correlation coefficient are employed. The results show that high quality information allows firms to achieve more tax avoidance. And its positive effect is higher on the companies that are associated with greater uncertainty. High quality information does not reduce the risk of tax avoidance strategies while higher disclosure quality decrease tax avoidance.

Overconfidence is one of the most important features of executers which influenced on the how to invest, financing and dividend policy. Overconfidence managers have false trust on their abilities. Therefore, they will tend to overestimate the effective factors on the stock price in the near future. The main objective of this study was to consider the impact of overconfidence management on the crash risk of stock price with emphasizing on the mediating role of accounting conservatism for all the firms listed at Tehran Stock Exchange during 2011-2015. This study was an applied one objectively and a descriptive-correlation one in nature. Kim et.al. (2016) model was used to test hypothesis. Two measure based on investment decisions including Campel et.al. (2016) and Sheran & Zachman (2009) models were used to measure overconfidence management. Haten et.al. (2009) was used to measure crash risk of stock price, and we used from Guioli & Hin (2000) to measure conservatism. Results showed that overconfidence management and conservatism had effect on crash risk of stock price. In other hand, results suggested that conservatism as a mediating role had negative effects on the impact of the overconfidence of management on the crash risk of stock price.