نشریه پژوهش های دستوری و بلاغی
پیاپی 10 (پاییز و زمستان 1395)

Psychological genre is a domain at which popular literature and elitist literature join together, and thereby creating some works that are considered attractive to both types of readers. This genre, in both scientific aspect and artistic narrative style, gains benefit from breakthroughs in psychology and its various branches especially psychoanalysis. In this method of storytelling, in order to represent life and human identity, the author directly takes human mind and soul into account. Psychology makes the author pass through human's subconciousness so that he can express sources of personality and social disorders and anomalies using his mental reflections and imagination. Sepideh Shamloo is one of the successful contemporary authors whose specialty is in writing psychology genre. To analyze her critical thinking especially regarding women's issue, Shamloo applies psychology. The present research study investigates psychological genre and novel in her works. The results show that in addition to applying such knowledge in her storytelling and its narrative elements, especially characterization, Shamloo has particularly and noticeably included names, techniques, terms, and information of this knowledge into the plot of her stories.

In this research , A comparative and critical study of structure of noun phrases in Persian grammars, the standpoints of the outstanding contemporaneous grammarians about different features of ‘noun phrases’ have been comparatived together at each of the issues and their differences and commonalities have been pointed. Afterwards, different votes have been criticized with respect to linguistic Criterions, so that their advantages and disadvantages have been determined. The present research has demonstrated some votes are acceptable and some votes are not acceptable.In this research , A comparative and critical study of structure of noun phrases in Persian grammars, the standpoints of the outstanding contemporaneous grammarians about different features of ‘noun phrases’ have been comparatived together at each of the issues and their differences and commonalities have been pointed. Afterwards, different votes have been criticized with respect to linguistic Criterions, so that their advantages and disadvantages have been determined. The present research has demonstrated some votes are acceptable and some votes are not acceptable .

Morphology is a key issue in structuralist criticism which has had wide applications to narratives. In performing morphological analysis, the critic considers the internal structure of the narrative to discover its actions and functions. Morphology was first introduced by Vladimir Prop into the study of narrative literature. Basing his work on the actions of the characters in fairy tales, he concluded that all the tales are governed by the same rules and structure which can be demonstrated to be governing the tales of all peoples.
The present paper deals with the structural analysis of Khâjou Kermâni’s Flower and Norouz (Gol va Norouz), one of the most successful lyric narratives of Persian literature. The conclusion drawn indicates that, although some of the functions are not consistent with Prop’s proposed sequence of functions, his proposed functions can be applied to this tale to a great extent.

Victory poetry is a component of a very important and valuable letters (historical, political and social) that show as "conquered" and "victory" Army army on the other. This type of letters reaports "fulfillment of divine grace" and "defeat the enemy" and "reporting how the events" from victorious army to superiors (king or caliph). These litters are underlying to show force and offensive military capability and its purpose can be to create fear in the hearts of enemies, intimidation of opponents, create a reputation for praiseworthy and so on. Victory poets structure can be divided as follows: 1. Background 2.reasons for the war 3.described the enemies place way 4.describe the location of the enemy and the battlefield 5.Win and described the enemy places after the war 6. Back from the war and described the celebrations. This article attempts to analysis the victory poems structure in periodic of the Ghaznavi kings(especialy mahmood ghaznavi and his victories .

Saadi‘s knowledge of Arabic language and culture and his familiarity with Arabic poetries have had an impact on different aspects of his works. They are said to be influenced by “Badiee” and “Hariri’s maqamat. This is not limited just to Golestan, which appeared like maqama and scholars have written a lot about its maqama-like structures. Although merely poetic, in several places Bustan appeared to be like maqamat. In Bustan, anecdotes containing subjects like panhandle, journeys, feasts, poetic knowledge, mentoring and other subjects are frequently seen in the content of maqamat. Saadi, the narrator of anecdotes, is appeared some times as the writer (Badi al- Zaman or Harriri), the narrator (Isa Ibn Hisham or Harith Ibn Homam) or the heroes (Abolfath eskandari or Abu Zaid Saroji). In this article, examples of each above mentioned examples will be presented with their comparative instances in Bustan and Badi and Hariri’s maqamat. Finally, an independent maqama of Bustan will be introduced and its features will be explained using and comparing features seen in Badi al- Zaman and Hariri’s maqamat. In this way, we can determine to what extent Saadi has benefited from their works and even prove that in cases, his journeys, some claim that they are really made are in fact fictional like the journeys of heroes and the creators of maqamat.

In the morphological studies, a series of stories is analyzed based on scientific and structural methods and finally the stories are categorized through comparing them with each other. In this paper, we have tried to analyze a specific type of Marzbân Namèh's stories which is called a fable. The research method is based on Propp's model of fairy tales morphology; function stories have been extracted and compared together. The study seeks to answer these questions: Is the sequence of functions identical in fables of Marzban Nameh? Does the building files belonging to a particular type? And finally, how is the final structure and fables of Marzban Nameh? The necessity for doing this study is that there is no research that examines a series of stories focused on a particular type. The findings show that the continuation of function in Marzbân Namèh's fables is identical. Therefore, their structure can belong to a specific type. The structure of fables is simple and one directional. “The Japery” is the most fundamental elements of Marzbân Namèh's fables causes the Logical expansion of them.

Personality psychology of literary authors is a branch of the emerging knowledge called literature psychology. This research approach investigates the impact of personality traits of authors on forming the inner structure and aesthetic aspect of literature. Nafsat al-Masdur is one of the valuable sources for exploration in this regard. With self-revelation and tangible presence in his works, Zeidari provides the opportunity for the researcher to meet his ends. The present article attempts to explore the personality of Zeidari based on the ideas of two well-known psychologists, Jung and Halland, regarding introversion and extraversion and it also aims to study social, artistic, adventurous, emotional, and intuitive extroverted aspects, and also the emotional introverted aspect in his character. This research delves into the impact of these personality traits on the inner and outer structure and also the aesthetic aspect of literary work. The results of the research study show that Zeidari has had a balanced personality highly inclined to extraversion. His personality types include emotionally extroverted, intuitively extroverted, artistically introverted, adventurous, social, and emotionally introverted which have affected his works.

"Satire" as one of the rhetorical figures and critical devices is considered as the most distinguishing feature of Hafez poetry. In addition to applying simple and comprehensible satire, Hafez sometimes uses complex and profound tricks for critical satire. In this method which corresponds to "Socratic irony", he humiliates himself like "Eiron" and attributes dishonor, shame and sin to himself so that to reveal the true nature of "Alazons" in his time (hypocrites, claimants of religion, and etc.). The main point is that as a dexterous cartoonist applies exaggeration and hyperbole in order to represent the "incompatible figur" of people well, for example if there is the slightest deviation in the eyes or mouth or other parts of the opposite party that deviation is displayed twice as much in the picture, in the same way Hafez uses his own specific hyperbole in order to reveal the true nature of his time "Alazons" in the existence of "Eiron". Therefore, Eiron in Hafez poetry is "drunkard", "Sodomite", "heretic ", "quitter of obligations"," hypocrite", "sentenced to several betrayals" and so on. According to studies conducted, it is concluded that Hafez applied certain roguish and artistic tricks including "feeble excuse", "reverse reason" and “committing a double sin" in order to achieve this goal.