فصلنامه اسلام و مطالعات اجتماعی
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 16، بهار 1396)

This paper, with a descriptive-analytical approach and documentary method, analyzes the faith, the nature of faith, its characteristics, its foundations, its principles and its effects as a source of soft power in the framework of Shiite discourse. Today, in the political and social literature, conquering minds and conquering hearts are considered as soft power. Any kind of influence on hearts and minds in different social worlds requires resources. In the Shia social world, faith with its four foundations, is one of the sources of the Shia social world. In this article, "Hubb and Ulfa" have been mentioned as, and "Qat and Yaqin" considered as the influence factor on hearts. The soul, because it understands and becomes sure, has the power of reason, and the mind has a heart because it experiences different states. There is an interaction between mind and heart. When the true Shia's soft power is formed in the minds of individuals that one will believe in its correctness through the mind and love it through the heart. God sends down the tranquility into the hearts of the believers. Faithful humans penetrate the minds and hearts of others by combining serenity of the heart with the certainty of the mind. The four elements of patience, justice, jihad, and certainty, as the foundations of faith, help to penetrate the heart through various methods.

Among the believers in the significance and possibility of realizing religious science, Ayatollah JavadiAmoli, believes in the possibility of the realization of religious science, by adopting a positive approach and relying on various topics of the tradition of Islamic thought. In more than a decade, we have come up with a wide range of reports that have been delivered in two opposites of criticizing or confirming his theory, and have contributed to the review his view. Among the critics, Professor KhosrowBagheri has expressed the most and most reflective criticisms of this view. Given that his criticisms embraced various areas of the theory, in some cases, he was faced with the response of the scholars defending from the theory. It seems that thinking more in the works of Ayatollah JavadiAmoli prevents from the emergence of some criticism. Hence, the present paper seeks to answer some of his criticisms by reviewing and focusing on the works of Ayatollah JavadiAmoli.

One of the most important prerequisites for cultural management and planning is the accurate understanding and evaluation of the current situation of culture, which is based on criteria or instruments called cultural indicators. But the complexity of culture and the multiplicity of its factors and elements as well as the various approaches and perspectives in this field have made the issue of cultural indicators a serious issue, because in the assessment of culture, from the very beginning we are faced with the question as to what are the indices for measuring it and what features should they have. More precisely, what is the basis for determining indicators and how and with which logic they can be designed? The basic answer to these questions requires taking into account the foundations of the authentic culture of the society, using past experiences, and the criticizing past indicators. In this paper, which is based on a more general research, after specifying the concepts and theoretical foundations of the subject as well as reviewing and criticizing the most important indices, the characteristics of the desirable indices are presented with reasoning. These features mainly include: genuine cultural values and aspirations, two-dimensionality, measurability, Inclusiveness, systematicality, relative acceptability, practicality and cost-effectiveness.

In this essay, first, seven features of the reality behind the phenomenon, are expressed in terms of Husserl's philosophical views. Subsequently, the phenomenological method that Husserl uses according to the features of phenomena in order to recognize them, and their essence are formulated and the dimensions and stages of this method are explained. In the following, the four features that the philosophy of Sadr-ol-Moteallehin believes for phenomena, are mentioned. Then the phenomenological method that can describe phenomena -with the definition that transcendent philosophy presents of phenomena- is deduced from transcendent philosophy. Ultimately the different stages and attributes that this method passes through and possesses, based on transcendent philosophy, is distinguished from the Husserl phenomenological method, and is explained and the potentials of the reconstructed phenomenology will be pointed out.

Crime damage reduction is an approach that has been introduced in the West in the last century. Based on this approach, in some cases, by accepting the crime and regarding the perpetrator as a patient or a vulnerable member within the community, concerned institutions and organizations attempt to mitigate the damage caused by the crime. Alleviating damages of drug addiction, drinking and prostitution is one of the main examples of this approach. Using a documentary method, this paper, while exploring feasibility and explaining some of the jurisprudential foundations of this approach, tries to discuss some jurisprudential instances adaptable to this rule. The results of the studies indicate that from the jurisprudential point of view, this approach is acceptable by satisfying some criteria and rules such as repelling more corrupt acts with corrupt ones, prioritizing the more important, expediency, necessity and state verdict are one of the most important grounds for accepting this approach.

An attempt to describe a desirable and ideal society and ways to achieve it by the mass media is one of their missions. In addition to introducing goods and services, the mass media also illustrates the ideal of human life as an implicit implication. In this study, for the purpose of discovering an ideal society, commercial advertisements as a cultural text were analyzed based on Roland Barthes's semiotic approach. Of the commercial advertisements broadcast by the TV of the Islamic Republic of Iran in July 2016, 32 ads were selected for analysis with a purposive sampling. Based on the classification of commercial ads that were divided into eight categories, the results showed that the ideal society in communication services, in financial services, in home appliances, in food and clothing, in detergent and cleaner materials, in health and beauty products, in travel services, and in the field of cultural services is represented respectively as technocentrism, economism, consumerism, luxuriousity and diversity, self-indulgence and consumerism, consumerism and prosperity, body adornment along with consumerism and naturalism, capitalism and luxuriousity, family-centeredness and the importance of women's role within the family.

The present study was conducted with the aim of sociological-psychological study on the relationship between organizational culture and social alienation among secondary school female teachers of Tabriz in the school year 2014-2015. The research method was survey and the statistical population was all secondary school female teachers of Tabriz. The sample size was 373 people and sampling method was stratified random. Descriptive findings show that among the ten dimensions of organizational culture, the control dimension has the highest mean, and the reward and encouragement system has the lowest mean, and among the five dimensions of social alienation, the dimensions of feeling powerless and senseless have the highest mean and anomie feeling has the lowest score. The results of the correlation test show that there is a meaningful negative relationship between organizational culture and social alienation (r=-0.21). Also, the results of regression analysis indicated that the component of management support and organizational identity with beta values of -48.8 and 0.29, respectively, had the most effects on social alienation. Also, the results of path analysis indicated the direct effect of organizational culture, with a beta value of 0.34, on social alienation. The social alienation prediction equation has been able to explain 70.9% of the variance of the dependent variable.