نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال پانزدهم شماره 6 (پیاپی 95، شهریور 1396)

Cancer is a chronic disorder which extremely affects the individuals` health and quality of life. Cancer patients lose their independence and ability to be effectively present in family and community and fell lack of competence and confidence. The present study aims at analyzing the effect of hope-based group therapy on the cancer patients` quality of life in Urmia Imam Khomeini educational therapeutic center.
The present study is an experimental and a randomized clinical trial which is conducted on 40 cancer patients who have referred to the Imam Khomeini educational therapeutic center of Urmia. Patients were selected based on convenience sampling and then they were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups, each having 20 members. Participants of the intervention group were trained based on Snyder's hope theory during one session per week for 8 sessions. The data collection tools included a Demographic Questionnaire, Snyder`s Hope Questionnaire and cancer-specific quality of life questionnaire QLQ-C30 and for data analysis descriptive and inferential statistics was used.
The research findings showed that hope-based group therapy increases the mean scores of two components of Functional and quality of life in the intervention group (p0.05).
Based on the research findings, the authors concluded that hope therapy has a considerable effect on improving different aspects of male and female cancer patients` health-related quality of life. Therefore, by using the findings of the present research and implementing programs and strategies to intervene hope-based group therapy for cancer patients, officials and administrators of health system in Iran can improve these patients` quality of life in different domains.

For the treatment of chronic kidney disease, two methods of hemodialysis and kidney transplant have the greatest clinical application. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages and can have a significant impact on self-esteem of person. Comparison of self-esteem in kidney transplant recipients and patients undergoing hemodialysis provides valuable information about the status of these patients and changes in the mental status and at the top of them in self-esteem of these people. Therefore this study aimed to compare the self-esteem of patients undergoing hemodialysis with kidney transplant recipients in Academic centers in Urmia 2016.
In this descriptive- analytical study, 174 patients including 86 patients undergoing hemodialysis and 88 patients with kidney transplant were selected with available method in 1395 and filled out the Demographic questionnaire and Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire, Then data collected and analyzed by SPSS v22 with the independent t test and Pearson and chi square tests.
The result of independent t-test showed statistically significant difference in Self-esteem mean scores in kidney transplant recipients compared to patients undergoing hemodialysis So that the self-esteem of patients undergoing hemodialysis were significantly lower than the kidney transplant recipients(P=0.0001).
According to the findings of this study can be concluded that, the self-esteem of the kidney transplant recipients is better than patients undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, patients undergoing hemodialysis requires more support in the psychological and psychological and knowledge dimensions and it can be with enhancement of informing about kidney transplantation and the positive effects of it on self-esteem of kidney transplant recipients, improve the culture of organ transplants in the community and has had a positive impact on the community's mental health.

Nursing Education in doctoral degree has many positive impacts for both the nursing profession and healthcare systems. However, due to the development of nursing education and the dynamic nature of community needs in terms of healthcare system, it is faced with challenges. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the content and executive challenges of nursing doctoral curriculum based on Delphi technique.
This Delphi study was conducted in 3 rounds on 29 nursing doctoral students and 17 nursing faculty members in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Qualitative content analysis was applied to the data to summarize data, extract statements and identify main themes to develop the primary questionnaire in the first two rounds. In the third round, Data were quantified using descriptive statistics and data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS software (version 24; SPSS, Chicago, IL).
The findings of present study were classified in four categories: (1) education; (2) research; (3) clinical; (4) administrative. The responsiveness of nursing doctoral curriculum to the needs of community, healthcare systems, nursing profession and even faculties/students themselves were considered as the biggest challenge. Moving away from the clinical environment and failure to improve the clinical competencies of nursing doctoral graduates were the other serious challenge of the nursing doctoral curriculum.
Major revision and reform of nursing doctoral curriculum were needed to fulfill the challenge of its responsiveness. Evidently, the officials of Iran board of nursing would benefit from taking into account the clinical issues and problems of current healthcare system, considering the underlying pitfalls of nursing doctoral programs and qualitative and quantitative evaluation of different levels of nursing education, particularly doctoral degree as the "prestigious pillar of profession".

Postpartum depression is a critical condition that affects not only mothers but their infants. For this reason, early diagnosis and conducting counseling interventions are essential in reducing these problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group counseling on postpartum depression in mothers referring to Hamadan health centers in 2016.
Material & The study was a clinical trial. The study population consisted of postpartum women who were referred to health centers in Hamadan in 2016. A total of 82 people were selected by random sampling method and allocated to two groups of control and test (each group was 41). For the test group, eight group counseling sessions were run based on problem solving. Data were gathered in pre and post test with Edinburgh standard depression inventory questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS20 software, independent t-test, paired t-test, Chi-square and covariance analysis were used.
There was no significant difference between the scores of pre-test depression in the two groups (P> 0.05). Meanwhile, there was a difference between the two groups on post-test scores. So, group counseling training had a significant effect on reducing postpartum depression in test group (P These results suggest that group counseling based on problem solving approach can be used along with other therapeutic techniques to reduce postpartum depression.

Quality of Life reflects the desires, hopes and expectations of children and adolescents in relation to current and future realities of their lives and increasing and improving mental health in children causes, progress and excellence of the family and therefore society. This study aimed determine the effectiveness of solution – focused group therapy on improving the quality of life of children was conducted.
The research is a pilot project to test and control groups using pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The population of this study included all students boy that in year 94-93 were studying in secondary schools of Ahvaz, The sample consisted of 30 students who using multi-stage sampling were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent seven 90-minute sessions per week for a meeting, intervention treatment solutions – focused group therapy were based. To gather data from the quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance.
Analysis of the data showed that the treatment solution - focused group therapy, quality of life for children and its components(physical function, role limitation due to physical condition, role limitation due to emotional problems, vitality, emotional health, social function, pain and general health) in the post-test and follow-up was significantly increased.
It seems that the treatment solution – focused group therapy can be used to improve the children quality of life.

Heart failure, one of the most common chronic diseases and major causes of mortality in the world with high prevalence of progressive with hospital admissions are unpredictable. Self-care one important aspect of treatment in patients with heart failure. This study aimed to determine the effect of pictorial training on self-care activities in patients with Congestive Heart Failure hospitalized to the Miandoab Abbasi hospital - 2016
This randomized clinical trial, a total of 70 samples from patients with heart failure hospitalization Miandoab Abbasi hospital in 2016, sampling were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups intervention (n=35) and control (n=35) were studied. The control group received routine training and intervention group received pictorial training. Data from the questionnaires and during interviews with patients before and after the intervention were collected. Chi-square tests, t-test and independent t-test were used for data analysis.
The results showed that, in control group, the mean score of self-care was 45/83 ± 11/97 that after the intervention has increased to 46/64 ± 11/61, that is not statistically significant (p> 0.392). Whereas in the intervention group, the mean scores before intervention was 42/98 ± 8/09 that after the pictorial training has increased to 62/04 ± 8/45, that statistically is significant (p The findings of this study indicate that pictorial training programs implemented to promote self-care behaviors of patients is effective.

Autonomy, is the central element for the professional practice. The purpose of this study was to discover the perceptions of nurses about professional Autonomy in nursing.
In this qualitative content-analysis approach study, the data were collected through unstructured in-depth interviews [8 individual interviews]. The participants were chosen using purposeful sampling from clinical nurses in Golestan, Iran, 2015. Formal or conventional qualitative content analysis was performed by the MAXDQA software.
Due to analysis of interviews, 260 primary cods, 11 categories and 3 themes were achieved. The theme included: 1- Individual factors, 2- Organizational factors, 3- Health policy factors. These themes reflect the dimensions and characteristics of perceived sense of professional autonomy in nursing.
This study provided the image of nurse’s understanding from professional autonomy regard the real experiences in work field that often remains hidden from view. The development of policies and strategies to enhance the professional autonomy are necessary.

The aggression and interpersonal problems in nurses can adversely influence the quality of care in the health care system, especially in Emergency Departments (EDs) that the nurses’ level of occupational stress is higher than others. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate if the ED nurse's level of aggression and interpersonal problems can be predicted based on their occupational stress.
This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 134 nurses in EDs of both Rasool Akram university hospital and Hasheminejad university hospital in Tehran, Iran. The participants were selected by complete enumeration. The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP), occupational stress scale and Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) were used for collecting the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to the data.
It was found that the nurse's occupational stress significantly predicted their aggressive tendencies (R2=.051, F=7.14, p The results showed that the tendency to aggression in ED nurses can be predicted based on their occupational stress. Therefore, the healthcare systems’ officials would benefit from taking proper actions in this area.