Journal of Analytical Research in Clinical Medicine
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Summer 2013

Fragile X syndrome is a genetic mental retardation syndrome caused by an unstable mutation in thefragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) on the X chromosome. FMR1 CGG repeat alleles are categorized accordingto number as normal, intermediate, premutation, and full mutation alleles. Considerable information is available, fromreported studies, on the structure of the full mutation alleles.
This review focused on the characterization of FMR1 CGG repeat size alleles in the premutation andintermediate ranges.
The premutation and intermediate carriers, previously thought to be clinically unaffected, are recentlyknown to be at increased risk of premature ovarian failure (POF), fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome(FXTAS), autism, emotional problems, late-onset neurodegenerative deficits, and neurocognitive deficits. A number ofstudies have suggested that the underlying cause might be RNA toxicity resulting from abnormally high levels of FMR1mRNA in these alleles.
It can be concluded that abnormality of FMR1 gene has different clinical presentations, especially insmall alleles, and should be considered more by physicians in clinics.

Rabies is a neuropathogenic disease, always fatal, which involves domestic and wild animals andattracted global concern for its distribution. This research aimed to demonstrate potential rabies infected animal bitesand related risk factors in North-West of Iran in order to evaluate the area’s demographics and risk factors.
A retrospective cross-sectional review was done for patients referred to Rabies Disease Control andPrevention Center placed in Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran.
A total of 1084 patients, 918 men and 166 women (777 city and 307 rural residential) were enrolled in thisstudy. Median age ranged from 20 to 30 years. Accidents were the highest in January and May. Dogs accounted for72.4%, cats 20.6%, rats 4.1% and others 3%. 45.8% of the attacks occurred at homes, 41.8% outdoors, and 12.4% at work. 80.4% of them were pet animals, 15.6% were outdoors and 4.1% were wild. 80.4% were under observation, 17.5% escaped, and 2.1% were killed. Superficial bites accounted for 78.7% of all bites, and 21.3% were deeply bitten.Bites conflicted to upper limbs (50.6%), lower limb (43.5%), head (2.4%), neck (0.6%), chest (1.8%), abdomen (0.7%),and genitalia (0.3%). 54.3% of all the bite exposures occurred in covered sites whereas 45.7% affected naked sites.Surprisingly, 98.6% of the animal, mostly pets, had no history of vaccination.
This research admitted lacked attention in vaccination when it would have been appropriate, led torabies disease which is always fatal. Bite rates were higher among adult males, in cities by dogs. Upper limbs, mostlycovered, were bitten commonly superficial.

Electrical injury is a worldwide health issue. In this research we studied the epidemiology and demography of electrical injury in the north-west of Iran.
This is a cross sectional, descriptive study conducted in 2008-2011 in the burn center of Sina Hospital, Tabriz, East Azarbaijan, Iran. All patients with all kinds of electrical injuries were included in this study.
The participants consisted of 229 patients; 204 (89.1%) men and 25 (10.9%) women. Moreover, from among these cases the injury of 2 people was fatal and the others were treated.
Based on the findings of our study and other studies, which showed a higher incidence of electrical injury in young people and in the workplace, we need to visit workers in the workplace and perform prevention programs.

Nowadays, with the development of science and communication, collaboration with other countriesand universities seems inevitable to universities. The aim of this study was to analyze the situation of internationalrelations management and inter-university collaboration (IRM-IUC) in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TUMS),Iran, during the years 2005-2010.
In this descriptive study, one checklist was used for analysis of the inter-university collaboration management and another one for the situation analysis of international relations management which included 4 sections itself. There were a total of 56 questions designed and developed through literature review and the expert panel.
The results indicated the poor performance of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in the international relations management and inter-university collaboration fields. Most of the reviewed items had not been adequatelypaid attention to in the management of international relations and only one out of 14 evaluated items was considered inthe field of inter-university collaboration.
In line with the overall globalization process, education and research have also become globalizedprocesses, and as a result, it is necessary for universities to develop effective ties and relationships with otherorganizations. However, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences has not been doing quite optimally in this regard. Thus,it is suggested that, based on the shortcomings pointed out in this study, new appropriate plans and policies be set todevelop fruitful and effective relations and correspondences with other universities and countries.

The present study aims to design and standardize the verbal fluency test (VFT) among bilingual (Turkish-Persian) adolescents in Tabriz, Iran.
In the designing stage, 190 adolescents who were already selected randomly from among the guidance and high school students in Tabriz were classified into three age groups (11-12, 13-15, 16-18). The screening test including 33 Persian letters and three ‘animal’, ‘fruit’, and ‘supermarket stuff’ categories, and SDQ was administered to them. The results were the three letters ‘M’, ‘D’, and ‘B’ for phonological fluency, and two ‘animal’ and ‘supermarket stuff’ categories for semantic fluency in the Persian language. In the standardization stage, the letters and categories specified in the designing stage were administered in the same order to 302 adolescents. Moreover, 28 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD were selected to estimate the discriminant validity of VFT.
Pearson correlation coefficient between test-retest of the three letters ‘M’, ‘D’, and ‘B’ for phonological fluency were estimated at 0.67, 0.66, and 0.75, respectively. Furthermore, for the two categories of ‘animal’ and ‘supermarket stuff’ it was estimated to be 0.80 and 0.65, respectively. All these amounts were significant (P The findings of the current study indicated that VFT is reliable in the studied sample group, and has a valid psychometric property in discrimination between ADHD adolescents and normal adolescents. Furthermore, ageand sex could affect VFT performance.

This study compared patterns of deficit in "theory of mind" and "emotion regulation" in patientswith bipolar disorder and normal individuals.
In this causal-comparative study, subjects were 20 patients with bipolar disorder and 20 normalindividuals. Patients were selected via convenience sampling method among hospitalized patients at Razi hospital ofTabriz, Iran. The data was collected through two scales: Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and Emotion RegulationQuestionnaire. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance.
There were significant differences between patients with bipolar disorder and healthy individuals in theoryof mind and emotion suppression. Patient group achieved lower scores on theory of mind and higher scores onemotional suppression compared to the controls. But, in reassessment and total score of emotion regulation there wereno significant differences between the two groups.
This study showed that both "theory of mind" and "emotion regulation" are impaired in patientswith bipolar disorder compared to healthy individuals and the patients are more liable to use suppression strategies.

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for approximately half of oral cavity SCCcases. Smoking and drinking are two major risk factors for SCC worldwide. Recently, increasing incidence amongyoung white individuals who were never-smoker, never-drinker have been reported.
To determine the demographic status of tongue SCC in our region, this study was conducted amongpatients who undergone surgery in Tabriz, Iran, due to tongue SCC.
Mean age of 27 patients was 61 years and 22% of them were under 45 years old. Mean duration ofbeginning the symptoms to biopsy was 113 days for patients under the age of 60 years and 253 days for elderly patients(P = 0.026). Early diagnosis, especially in patients more than 60 years old, was associated with good prognosis.
The results of this study indicated that considering a lower threshold for obtaining biopsy fromelderly patients, even in the first visit, is useful for early diagnosis and better prognosis.