Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:23 Issue: 1, Jan 2018

Hyperlordosis is defned as an abnormal increase in the lumbar arch of >40°. Tis study compared two taping techniques include abdominal muscles and hamstrings taping for the treatment of lumbar hyperlordosis.
Te randomized clinical trial was performed in Shiraz, Iran, during June and September 2014. Tirty women aged 20–45 years old with at least 40° lumbar lordosis participated. Te women were randomized into two groups (n = 15). Abdominal muscles taping was performed for the frst group, whereas the other group underwent hamstrings taping with 30% tension. Lumbar lordosis was measured before, immediately after, and 24 h after taping. Te two?way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the two groups for lumbar lordosis angle.
No signifcant di?erences were detected between the lumbar lordosis angles before and immediately after taping in the two groups (P > 0.05). However, a signifcant reduction was observed in lordosis angle in the abdominal group and the hamstring group 24 h after taping relative to before intervention (P Taping of the abdominal and hamstring muscles was not e?ective immediately, whereas it decreased lordosis after 24 h.

Normal size of mesenteric lymph nodes has not been well evaluated, as these lymph nodes are small but may be seen frequently in computed tomography (CT). Te aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of mesenteric lymph nodes at root of mesentery and mesentery itself.
Tis is a cross?sectional study on traumatic patients with normal multidetector CT (MDCT) referred to Al?Zahra Hospital in 2014–2016. Te largest short axis of lymph nodes was recorded. Teir location was divided into three groups of mesenteric root, peripheral mesentery, and mesentery of the right lower quadrant (RLQ).
Size and number of lymph nodes in terms of locations were recorded. A number of more than 6 nodes in a position was defned as cluster nodes. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. P Four hundred traumatic patients underwent MDCT scanning. Te mean age of these patients was 36.6 ± 13.4 years. Te number of lymph nodes was 6 in 5%, 4.8%, and 4.8% of central, peripheral, and RLQ mesentery, respectively. Te average size of largest central, peripheral, and RLQ lymph nodes was 4.53 ± 1.33, 4.37 ± 1.68,and 4.37 ± 1.68, respectively (P = 0.64). Largest size of short axis in patients with cluster lymph nodes was signifcantly more than noncluster nodes (P Mean size of mesenteric lymph nodes was similar to the previous study, but the largest nodes were considerably larger. Furthermore, largest short axis of cluster nodes was signifcantly more than noncluster ones.

Due to the high incidence and prevalence of infection in neonatal ward, especially Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) reported by di?erent studies and the important role of colonization with hospital germs in the development of nosocomial infections, we intended to evaluate the risk of colonization with hospital germs in neonates and its associated risk factors.
Tis cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2016 in a Teaching Center in Iran. In total, 51 neonates were selected based on the inclusion criteria, and after recording their information in a checklist, samples were taken by swab from outer ear, axilla, and groin for culture. Neonates with negative culture from mentioned regions were enrolled in the study. Te swab samples again were taken and sent for culture from mentioned regions in at least 3 days after hospitalization. Culture results from frst and second sampling were collected and analyzed statistically.
Tis study was conducted on 51 neonates. Te mean gestational age among the neonates ranged from 35.25 (Week) ± 2.98. 22 girls (43.1%) and 29 boys (56.9%), most of them were born by cesarean. Based on the results of logistic regression, a signifcant association was found between the occurrence of colonization of hospital ?ora and the place hospitalization of the newborns (odds ratio (OR): 4.750; 95% confdence interval (CI): 1.26–17.85).
Tis study revealed that the only risk factors of colonization with hospital ?ora in neonates are the type of delivery and place of hospitalization. Based on fndings of the study, it is recommended to focus on e?orts in increasing the rate of natural birth as well as improving conditions of infection control in NICUs to reduce the number of incidences of colonization with hospital ?ora in neonates.

Postoperative bleeding is a common problem in cardiac surgery. We tried to evaluate the e?ect of topical tranexamic acid (TA) on reducing postoperative bleeding of patients undergoing on?pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
One hundred and twenty?six isolated primary CABG patients were included in this clinical trial. Tey were divided blindly into two groups; Group 1, patients receiving 1 g TA diluted in 100 ml normal saline poured into mediastinal cavity before closing the chest and Group 2, patients receiving 100 ml normal saline at the end of operation. First 24 and 48 h chest tube drainage, hemoglobin decrease and packed RBC transfusion needs were compared.
Both groups were the same in baseline characteristics including gender, age, body mass index, ejection fraction, clamp time, bypass time, and operation length. During the frst 24 h postoperatively, mean chest tube drainage in intervention group was 567 ml compared to 564 ml in control group (P = 0.89). Mean total chest tube drainage was 780 ml in intervention group and 715 ml in control group (P = 0.27). Tere was no signifcant di?erence in both mean hemoglobin decrease (P = 0.26) and packed RBC transfusion (P = 0.7). Topical application of 1 g TA diluted in 100 ml normal saline does not reduce postoperative bleeding of isolated on?pump CABG surgery.
We do not recommend topical usage of 1 g TA diluted in 100 ml normal saline for decreasing blood loss in on?pump CABG patients.

Awareness of observed and expected incidence of cancers is so important in managing cancer as the third mortality cause in Iran. In the present study, we evaluated observed and the expected incidence of common cancers in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.
Tis study is a Secondary data analysis. All data about pathology?based cancer registration (Cancer diagnosis was based on pathological laboratory, ICD?O2) in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari in Southwestern Iran in 2010–2014 was used. By dividing the number of registered cases of each cancer in every age group into the total observed cancers in that age group, the observed ratio of each cancer in that age group was calculated. Ten, using the proposed coefcients Parkin and age?standardized cancer ratio method, the expected ratios in each age group, were calculated.
In 5 years study, 2918 new cases of cancer were recorded. Out of them, 1735 (59.46%) were male. Te annual average total occurrence of all cancers in this province was 68.2/100,000 populations. Te observed incidence ratios of common cancers, including stomach, breast, colorectal, thyroid, lymph nodes, ovaries, gall bladder, the bladder and the brain, were 0.11, 0.12, 0.09, 0.06, 0.02, 0.03, 0.01, 0.08, and 0.05, respectively. Te expected incidence ratios of above?mentioned cancers are 0.11, 0.13, 0.1, 0.06, 0.02, 0.03, 0.01, 0.08, and 0.05, respectively. Based on observed (O) and expected (E) comparison, breast and colorectal cancer had higher incidence than expected ratio.
Our results showed that in our area, treatment programs and health plans should focus on cancer registration, especially on common cancers and reevaluate breast and colorectal cancer occurrence. Terefore, the plan for the control and prevention of this cancer must be a high priority for health policymakers.

As new research reveals, granulocyte colony?stimulating factor (G?CSF) plays an e?ective role in pregnancy success, considering that it not only a?ects the embryo implantation and ovarian function but also it promotes endometrial thickening and improves the pathophysiology of endometriosis, which all fundamentally lead to reducing pregnancy loss. In this review, we focus on the role of G?CSF in human reproduction. We summarized its role in ovulation, luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome, poor responders, improving repeated in vitro fertilization failure, endometrial receptivity and treatment of thin endometrium, and recurrent spontaneous abortion.

We carried out this meta?analysis for the aim of exploring the in?uence of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke. Relevant studies were identifed using computerized databases supplemented with manual search strategies. Te included studies were strictly followed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Case?control studies which related to the in?uence of DM on the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke were selected. Statistical analyses were implemented with the STATA version 12.0 statistical software. Our current meta?analysis initially retrieved 253 studies (227 in Chinese and 26 in English), 13 studies (6 in English and 7 in Chinese) were eventually incorporated in this meta?analysis. Tese 13 case?control studies included 8463 patients altogether (3249 patients with DM complicated with ischemic stroke and 5214 patients with ischemic stroke). Te results of this meta?analysis manifested that there was a signifcant di?erence of the blood glucose level at 48 h after stroke between patients with DM complicated with ischemic stroke and patients with ischemic stroke standard mean di?erence [SMD] =1.27, 95% confdence interval [CI] =0.02–2.51, P = 0.047); however, the e?ectiveness, fatality, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in patients with DM complicated with ischemic stroke, and patients with ischemic stroke had no signifcant di?erence (e?ectiveness: risk ratio [RR] = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.75–1.03, P = 0.121; fatality: RR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.97–1.71, P = 0.081; NIHSS score: SMD = -0.14, 95% CI = -1.56?1.28, P = 0.849). Te current evidence suggests that there is statistical di?erence of the blood glucose level at 48 h after stroke between patients with DM complicated with ischemic stroke and patients with ischemic stroke, but there is no statistical di?erence of prognostic indicators between patients in two groups. Tus, our study provides certain clinical value.

Peptic ulcer is a prevalent problem and symptoms include epigastria pain and heartburn. Tis study aimed at investigating the prevalence and causes of peptic ulcers in Iran using systematic review and meta-analysis.
Eleven Iranian papers published from 2002 to 2016 are selected using valid keywords in the SID, Goggle scholar, PubMed and Elsevier databases. Results of studies pooled using random e?ects model in meta-analysis.Te heterogeneity of the sample was checked using Q test and I2 index.
Total sample size in this study consist of 1335 individuals with peptic ulcer (121 samples per article). Te prevalence of peptic ulcers was estimated 34% (95% CI= 0.25 – 0.43). Te prevalence of peptic ulcers was 30% and 60% in woman and man respectively. Te highest environmental factor (cigarette) has been addressed in 30% (95% CI= 0.23-0.37) of patients. Te prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was estimated in 62% (95% CI= 0.49-0.75) of patients.
Te results of this study show that prevalence of peptic ulcers in Iran (34%) is higher that worldwide rate (6% to 15%). Tere was an increasing trend in the prevalence of peptic ulcer over a decade from 2002 to 2016.