نشریه پیام باستان شناس
پیاپی 14 (پاییز و زمستان 1389)

The First mid of third millennium BC is one of the main archaeological periods in central Zagros that nevertheless lack and dispersion of archaeological documents (special in central Lorestan), depth change and culture evolutions happen in this period. In this study, we have studied, compared, analyzed and identified the species of gathered finds during archeological surveys on Cemetery of Dowl Pahn. This place is a cemetery connected with nomadism settlements which is located in the near of Dareh-Shahr, one of towns in Ilam province. Study of gathered ceramic fragments during archeological surveys on Cemetery of Dowl Pahn indicates that in southern districts of western pish-i kouh, pottery tradition Susa IIIB-IIIC was dominated before formation of the monochrome painted pottery tradition of Godin III6/Susa IVA. Found documents of cemeteries like Dowl Pahn and Mirvali indicates the influence of Proto-Elamite culture in southern valleys of centeral Zagros. It seems that monochrome painted pottery tradition before spread in Susa IVA/Godin III6 period in different districts of central Zagros had been spread in some southern districts of this area. 

Lead is a microelement naturally present in trace amount in all biological materials, in soil, water, plants and animals. It has no physiological function in the organism. The main source of lead contamination are smelting works, application of wastewater treatment sludge’s to soil, transportation, rain, snow, hail and other. Lead enters the organism with food and air and tends to accumulate more in hard tissue than in soft tissue. Bone lead levels increase with age at rates dependent on the skeletal site and lead. In this research we analyzed teeth samples of 9 humans of Bronze Age from Gohar Tepe in north of Iran. These samples were analyzed for Lead by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry to establish levels of this element in area. Our objective is to find out if Lead can prevent forming a settlement in site. 

The Late Bronze age in Tepe Sagzabad without any relationship with previous pre-historic cultures in the region had been appeared suddenly in late second millennium BC. Handmade Monochrome and polychrome potteries (Uremia ware) is cultural indicator in this Period. Our aimed to Trying Deportment of Archaeology, university of Tehran excavation in fall of 2009 at Tepe Sagzabad was recognition of cultural Layers of south part of this site and 3 different Trenches (6, 7 and 8) were dug. Trench 6 had different cultural Layers including: Iron Age I, Late Bronze age and Late Chalcolithic period. Between these Finds, Monochrome and polychrome potteries from Late Bronze age were remarkable. This Paper will focus on Typology, classification and introduces different kind of Late Bronze age pottery motif.

In the Northeastern Tehran and the Lavizan zone, there is an Imam-Zadeh, under the title of "Imam-Zadeh Panjtan". This Imam-Zadeh is located on a hill. And slopes of the hill are used as a cemetery. In a visit in 1993, some sherds were collected on the hills that were probably uncovered by forming new graves. The sherds have characterized in northern Tehran. It seems the hill was used as a cemetery also in Iron Age, and can be considered as one of the several Iron Age cemeteries in foot hills of northern Tehran. 

The 90 kilometer lake of the Upper Gotvand Dam would submerge a large number of archeological sites in North of Khuzestan. Thus, a group of archeologists began to identify and record around the site, to know about the area before its being flooded. Kalantar 4 was one of the given sites, by the survey team, which was excavated in a horizontal way in March and April 2011. During this excavation, some remains of architecture and two semi-underground stone tombs belonging to New Elamite were found, which will have effective role in heightening our knowledge about the New Elamite in Susianna highlands. According to the comparative studies of the ceramics, there exist significant similarities among the ceramics found in Kalantar 4, Susa and the sites of Mianab Plain in Shooshtar. Furthermore, studying the architecture of the site based on an ethno-archeological approach, indicated a continuity in the region’s archeological traditions (at least, from the New Elamite period to the present). 

Firstly, some seals from Qazvin, one from Kermanshah and the other from Zanjan will be described and compared with some similar cases in this paper. Then, the probable relations between these seals and historical issues during Iron Age III in Iran as well as trading and historical geography matters are going to be discussed. The compound elements of the local arts in Luristan (Lurestan) and some attributes of the Elamite style of seal making beside their scant differences from Assyrian art let us infer that the mentioned seals are local; however, they (the seals featured in this paper) have been influenced by the Neo-Assyrian style as a result of the substantial trading and political military interrelations between the two places (Iran and Mesopotamia). 

So far little evidence has been found about Assyrian’s campaigns and fighting against native residents of Zagros on the spot. While Assyrian archives and reliefs at neo-Assyrian palaces in north Mesopotamia provide vast information about their fights, campaigns and triumphs. Generally speaking, this kind of evidence is so scarcely found in Medes region itself that these new proofs and information can be of great value to add up our knowledge in this case. During visits of two mountaineers in 2009 a rock relief was found in southwest Elam that pictured a person in totally Assyrian costume, hat and gesture. Since there is no inscription it is hard to talk about its creator but due to the close similarities between the reliefs at Shkaft-i Gul Gul with this person it seems this is the same person who is depicted at Shkaft-I Gul Gul and illustrates one of the latest powerful kings of Assyria i.e. Sennacherib, Eserhaddon or Assurbanipal. 

Although many things about Achaemenids’ religion are vague and not clear, the evidences we have at hand show that, like other era in the Middle East, religion and religious traditions have played an important role in people’s life in this era too. As objects remained from this period show, lots of Achaemenids’ reliefs were symbolic and undeniably related to religious concepts and believes. On the other hand, since many of these reliefs have been common among other people in Near East and have clearly had a religious theme in pre Achaemenid period, it is supposed that their reappearance in Achaemenid period in a new form is related to their Mazdaism believes. The most important religious and symbolic reliefs looked at in this paper are: Winged disc, Sun, Moon, Star, Fire altar and Barsam.