نشریه پیام باستان شناس
پیاپی 10 (پاییز و زمستان 1387)

Stratigraphy is a basic method in filed archaeology. The main purpose of the stratigraphy is data gathering for relative chronology and sequence explanations. This paper has provided descriptive information of the Borj settlement, east of Neyshabur, which is located in a prehistorically unknown area. Accompanied with descriptive information, this paper discusses about tow theoretical facts in stratigraphy; the first is the surface layer and being surface layers. In this discussion, the possibility of layer change during upper layer construction and its material culture has been presented. The second fact is the original organizer of the remains, structures and deposits of each layer. This factor is the archaeologist interpretation according to layer context during stratigraphy. a framework is suggested to assess the value of each layer and its information based on the second fact. Having the presented facts in mind can help the archaeologist to realize the chronology and the sequence and provides the formation process explanations based on layers and soundings. Borj sounding information presented that the context of the sounding has been under use in the end chalcolithic and the beginning of Bronze Age. Interpretation approach and two-presented fact in a theoretical perspective have led the way to the interpretation of sounding condition. The existence of alluvial deposits in the lower layers, the existence of two heights in chalcolithic era, and border condition of the sounding are some of the presented interpretations. 

The pottery is one of the important Cultural data that use in relative and absulate chronology of sites and comparison each other. In the basis of study of comparison types pottery of Ghousha Tepe Shaharyeri of view form and decoration and Analysis of the number of samples by means of thermoluminescence that be complementary first method, this result earn that chronology of early phases site of Ghousha Tepe belong to late Neolithic and transition to early chalcholithic. In addition, in the basis comparison of pottery marked that site mentioned had stable relation of cultural and socieal especially with area Uremia lake of time late Neolithic until late periods.

Geographical information system (GIS) is one of the technologies that in recently decades able to remarkable helpful to archaeology. With this system in the one side we able to preparing geographical various maps about space relation of archaeological sites with natural resources in the perimeter them and on the other hand that system able to us to preparing variety patterns of the archaeological sites geographical distribution and at the finally we analysis it. We can use results of these studies in other such areas. In this research according to archaeological surveys that had done in the Saimareh Valley and with aid of GIS, we do explanation of the geography role in form and distribution of Bronze Age archaeological sites in this valley .In the first collect the required spatial and descriptive information and simultaneous we have prepared the required equipment. After enter the information to computer, in the next stage in GIS environment we analysis information, produce outputs in the form of table and map and produce data banks. Discovery relationship between archaeological sites and relationship between archaeological sites with natural resources; and then reveal it, is one of the most results that forming in the finally.

چکیده [English]During the excavations carried out by Schmidt a collection of artifacts and stoneware were dug out. These objects demonstrate the culture of the people living in Tepe Hissar in prehistoric times. The collection includes short columns, stemmed plates, bowls, jars, spouted pitchers, mortars, etc. In this article the writer has tried, as much as possible, to study the existing documents on the stone artifacts discovered in archeological excavations, field study of Tepe Hissar archeological mound, and stone artifacts in Iran National Museum. In conclusion, It has been tried to study the technology and typology of 30 stone artifacts of Tepe Hissar, now in the National Museum, including classification of the collection based on composition, type, and typology; also the characteristics of all stone artifacts have been explained.

Uruk period (3200-3000 BC), the era of civilization in southern Mesopotamia and Iran, is recognizable by material culture production changes that one of them was large quantity of plain pottery instead of before painted tradition. During the late Uruk period, in southwestern Iran, some settled sites flourished and became large centers especially in Susiana plain. Choghamish, Susa and Abu Fandowah were most important among them with more than 15 Ha. We would like to focus on Uruk potteries of one of the mentioned sites, which is Abu Fandowah, next to the Susa city in the Northern Khuzestan- southwestern Iran. It is surveyed and excavated in year 2006 but we will discuss about southern complex of above site that is surveyed by Strip method. We separated Uruk pottery into three main categories and tried to introduce most of Uruk wares rim forms, Beveled Rim Bowls and other decorations which are observable on the body sherds.

One of kinds Iron Age Pottery in Western Iran is the glazed ware. This ware, that forms a few percentage of Iron Age pottery, is only seen in Iron Age III and II, and usually recognized as an imported ware from Assyria, to Western Iran. The most common from is this ware is the small glazed vessel, that will be classified, and its geographical distribution in Western Iran will be studied in this article.

Research and exploration on discovered Urartian metal findings from Iran’s ancient sites, now kept in Iran’s Archaeology museum, constitutes the main subject of the current article, in which with regard to structural techniques such as casting, moulding, brazing and…, metal working has been studied as one of the most distinguishing artistic and industrial elements of the first millenniums BC civilization. As a result of the research and comparison of applied techniques on mentioned findings, it turns out that Urartian metalworking in Anatolia territory-backed by thousand years experiments of craftsmen of this land-had reached its peak and was carried out with great dexterity, especially in the context of casting of delicate objects such as arrow heads and safety pins with a chain. After arriving in Northwest Iran this art was influenced by technical and artistic experiments of northwest metal working, although, regarding structure and from, metal productions of Northwest Iran were exactly similar to Anatoli samples some artistic and industrial elements of Northwest Iran metalworking had appeared in them. Further, Northwest Iran metalworkers following Urartian industrial techniques and forms had applied their local techniques and experiments in producing metal products. Meanwhile, some Urartian metalwork were imported products.

Science of inscription is included in archaeology science. Inscriptions are reliable document to study and find all aspect of history as social political aspect and state of affairs of ancient time. Akbar shah,s ambassador,s stone inscription is one of the important historical document which he had left it as a memorial petrography while passing through Soltanieh.That Mir Masom Bekri find as Namy has reminded it. This stone inscription is made of marbel stone in size of 5×6×63.5 cm and is graved by relief nastaligh handwriting.