فصلنامه پوست و زیبایی
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 33، بهار 1397)

Skin diseases are associated with a set of psychological disorders that not only affects the patient, but also has a huge burden on the patient’s family and the wider society. The main purpose of the present study was to compare the severity of psychologic symptoms in patients with skin diseases and healthy participants.
In this study, 305 participants aged from 16-85 years (153 cases and 152 controls) were enrolled. Data including demographic variables, in addition to psychiatric variables such as Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS), Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) were collected by asking participants to complete questionnaires. The data were analyzed with t test and variance analysis.
There was no significant difference between case and control groups regarding the prevalence of depression, anxiety, compulsive washing and neuroticism. However, there was a significant difference in checking, extroversion and lie. No significant relation was found between age, sex, education, marital status, occupation and history of mental illness with psychological symptoms of patients. A significant relation was observed between the history of suicide and the history of mental illness in the family of patients with extraversion.
Correlation and interaction between skin disease and symptoms of mental disorders is complicated and needs further investigations.

Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and in many parts of Iran is ranked first to second in number. However, its epidemiology has not been reviewed and studies are limited in Kashan city. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of skin cancers in this city.
Data were collected using recorded data in Pathology Laboratory of Kashan University of Medical Sciences during years 2009 to 2017. UV index (UV-I) data over the period (2009-2017) were obtained from well-known meteorological sites. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test and MANOVA) using SPSS software version 16.
Skin cancers totally constituted 26.4% of all cancers in Kashan during 2009-2017. 79% of them were basocellular type. Frequenty of spinoscellular and malignant melanoma were 16% and 3%, respectively. The mean age of patients with skin cancers was 48 years. Men showed higher incidence base cellular of cancer than women. The long-term survey of the UV index in the Kashan city showed that in eight months of the year, it was higher than 6 (high to high risk).
Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the city of Kashan, especially in men. Educational programs should be developed and conducted to prevent and reduce risk of skin cancer among residents in this city.

Environmental and climatic conditions in different geographical areas provide the basis for certain diseases. Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, with a different incidence rate in geographical areas. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of climate and environmental factors on skin cancer and to map the geographical distribution of skin cancer in Iran.
This study was performed using data of patients with skin cancer, population and data of climatic and environmental factors that affect skin cancer incidence. In this study, after calculating the incidence of skin cancer rate for the whole country, we used the Geographically Weighted Regression model to establish a regression relationship between climate and environmental data and the incidence of skin cancer. The coefficient of detection between the map of incidence of skin cancer and its model map was calculated.
Correlation coefficients showed that sun UV and relative humidity had the highest positive and negative correlation with the incidence of skin cancer, respectively. The southern, eastern and central regions of Iran had the highest incidence of skin cancer rate and the northern and northwestern coasts of Iran had the lowest incidence rate. Validating of actual incidence rate map and the modeled incidence rate map indicated a coefficient of detection of 0.71.
All of the climate and environmental parameters in this study contributed to in the incidence of skin cancer.

Shampoos are products that remove fat and dust from the hair and scalp. Cleansing and decontamination are the most important properties of a shampoo for its acceptance. To create a stable foam in shampoos, alkaloids are often used which are believed to be carcinogens due to production of nitrosamines. Hence, the main goal of this study was the production of shampoo by using medicinal plants.
In this study, herbal shampoos were prepared by using aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Yarrow, Cedar, Chubak and licorice as surfactants, and Katira as thickener. Then their physical and chemical properties were analyzed.
After preparing the herbal base shampoo, the physical and chemical evaluation of the product was performed. We found that this formulation had cleansing power for foam formation, antimicrobial and antifungal properties, and also a high shelf life compared to the control sample (chemical shampoo). It also didn’t have any adverse effect on hair and scalp of consumers. The present formulation is also suitable for commercial shampoo production.
The herbal based shampoo had better qualitative properties than the chemical base, and the use of the aqueous extract of the aforementioned plants (compared to their hydro alcoholic extracts) had better performance and was economically feasible.

Sunscreen products are among the most important ways for skin protection against sunburn, early skin aging and skin cancer. Due to existing wide variation of sunscreens, it is necessary to assure their protection ability against the sun damage. Performance assessment of sunscreen products against UVA is expressed by sun UVA protection factor (UVA-PF). Because currently these factors are determined in foreign countries at high cost, developing a comprehensive protocol for UVA-PF determination in Iran would have distinct benefits.
The two standards, CEN 2006 and FDA 2007, introduce persistent pigment darkening (PPD) method for UVA-PF in vivo determination, while following the same principles are different in details. For in vitro UVA-PF determination, 4 standards CEN 2006, FDA 2007, FDA 2011 and ISO 24443 provided protocols, which two of them (CEN 2006 and FDA 2011) proposed critical wavelength method. On the other side, FDA 2007 offered modified Diffey method. ISO 24443 approved that and considering in vitro UVA-PF determination correlated with PPD method.
In this review, complete documents were collected, and the available facilities and setups, with cooperation of Iran Center for Food and Drug Control Labs, a comprehensive UVA-PF determination protocol for Iranian sunscreen products was developed.

Itching is a mental feeling that elicits desire to scratch and results from stimulation of itch, pain or palpation receptors in the skin. In Iranian medicine, itching is referred as hekka. Several factors can cause this symptom. Various drugs are used to treat itching. They are sometimes costly and not readily available and have side effects. Given the time-consuming and cost-effective processes for the discovery of effective drugs, new strategies are needed to reduce processes time and costs. One of these strategies could be the use of previous experiences on medicinal plants and spices used in traditional medicine schools.
In this review, we searched the keyword "itching, pruritus" in three reference books of pharmacology of Iranian medicine, including The Canon of Medicine (Al-Qanon fi al-Tibb), Tohfe Momenin, and Makhzan- Al' Advieh and ened up with a list of 60 multifaceted plants effective in improvement of pruritus. The efficacy of each of them was categorized based of available evidence. Therefore, it is recommended to use the rich experience of Iranian traditional medicine in the production of new drugs for pruritus.

Foot ulcers which can result in physical and psychological casualties are commonly observed in diabetes mellitus. On time diagnosis and appropriate management can prevent undesirable events. We report a patient with diabetic ulcer and myiasis.
Case Report: A 70 year old man came to our wound clinic with bilateral plantar ulcers. Many larvae were seen in gangrenous tissue of the ulcer.
Prompt care and considering all factors effective in wound progression leads to prevention of disabilities in diabetic patients.