مجله مطالعات داستانی
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 11، بهار و تابستان 1394)

One of the novels is the social novel in which the author lives under the influence of his society structure and he creates a property that the can administer community image.
The novel "Parichehr" is in this category that the author of the novel, M.moad poor, many of the problems is portraied as story in the current era.
"Addiction" as a social phenomenon and important problem is creator in the form of the bitter realities of society, is present in many novels, however, they are less scientific attention has been explored in these works.
This subject is responsible for the literature sociological that by exploring the relationships and links between society and literature, that available reality researched fiction and reality in the world of literary and artistic works.
In this paper, a reflection of this unlucky phenomenon in Parichehr novel will be studied analytical-Descriptive method.The research results indicate many of the factors that experts are advance the reasons for turning to drugs and addiction.as well as imposition as backwash of this subject are mentioned in this novel is visible.

Each writer when he wants to make a work have a person that he write only for him. In literary criticism this person named in the text addressed. After times this person become very important for critics as far as formed a theory that named in the text addressed. Following the other Theorists consideration to this approach; raised this theory in the children literature with his affect essay of iden chembers.
In fact reviewing and reading childish works with this approach can shows the level of success of a work.
Since ten childish books of morteza khosronejad by the name of ghese, bazi, shadi are one of the best works about stories of children, we want to analyzing them according to in the text addressed theory in order to show their childish level.
we want to analyzing them according to in the text addressed theory in order to show their childish level
With due attention to the studied done, it can say that tone, language, structure and mentioned elements in works and in general the style of stories announce the small child attendance in the text. After the style element, in order, point of view, partiality and finally spaces that seem to be important in children stories, having shares in involving children in the text.

"Binary oppositions" is one of the most important functions of the human collective mind, and the basic concept of structuralism form
For the very first time , Nikolai Trubetzkoy (phonologyst 1938 / 1980 ) used the Term "Binary oppositions"
Since the opposition is based on two kinds of structuralism, post-structuralism also a sign of a cross, with two pieces of a sign as signifier and signified is understandable.
In fact, voices and ideas, amorphous masses that among them there is the formation of the relationship of succession and juxtaposition of elements is performed.
Blind Owl at the structure of the story as the author of it, he thought. It seems, story The Blind Owl forming a system of thought is that this system is a matrix of contrasts. The Blind Owl, the structure described in the book is the contrast of opposites and paradox. Despite the opposition of the effect caused massive changes
and on the other hand has caused this effect, the idea of unity is formed and also On this basis is essentially the philosophy of The Blind Owl.
This research method is analytical and based on the theoretical framework of "double contrast", seeks to track the performance in The Blind Owl answer to this fundamental question that the binary system of thought based Brtqabl What is this effect? Binary oppositions of the most central themes in The Blind Owl, in three areas of contradiction, paradox and descriptions of the investigation.

In the field of story writing and narration, every author can creat fictional function from the various subjects in the different social, historical and literary ambits, and tie them to the context of the theme of his story. Today, Peyman Esmaeili is one of the young, creative and successful authors in our country, whose works has faced with the readers’ favour and critics’ praise. His only novel which has published up to now, is the novel of Negahban (the Guard). This work has an eventful story with two sides of violence and sentiment. This story happens in a gothic and terrific setting by assist of an old myth (the myth of Kayomarth). In this paper, the novel of Negahban is studied by content analyzing, topical classifying, presenting examples from the text of the story and referring to the published criticisms and interviews related to this novel. The result of this research states that Peyman Esmaeili presents several effective themes in a lovely mythic texture in his novel. The themes are made from agitation, illusion and fear which are sometimes completely imaginary, but appear real and believable. These themes show the bitter, dreadful and undeniable realities inwardly, although they have fictional apparent.

the twentieth century art called expressionism that reached its climax during the First World War. in this school the author is driven to their inner feelings in response to external reality. the human is centrality of expressionistic sound stories. human fighting against injustice in search of his paradise. The fighting and stability can expressionistic sound effects as resistance literature. Reza Amirkhani is a young author who works in the field of resistance literature. in his work too, the human is centrality of expressionistic sound stories. The works were written in the form of modern novel and author with breaking up some of the Iranian traditional contracts story used the modern techniques for promote the story. In Ermia, the young man want combating injustice and change the current world with his friends help is considered to make an ideal community based abstract expressionism. oppose the previous generation (father and mother), reject materialistic ideas, not modernity and format of traditional, said the inner feelings of personality and social pressure governing their lives in Ermia story, all sign of the impact of Amirkhani accepting of expressionism.

Structuralism is a kind of methodology that analyses structures and it studies total rules whitch are in them.One of the structuralistic studies in literature is narratology.The first academic studies in this field was the Vladimir propp’s Researches on one hundred Russian folkloric tales.
The result of these studies was publication of the book “ morphology of wonder-tales”. He divided narrative structure of those tales in seven fields of actio n and thirty one functions .
The tale of Humay and Humayoon was versified by Khajoo-ye- Kermani , the great mystic poet of eighth Hejia century. This work is one of the most important and old Persian storis.
In this essay , the story of Humay and Humayoon was analysed structurally according to Propp’s morphology method. The result showes that there are the most of functions mooted by Propp, in this legend . Also his narratologistic theory can be adaptable to this tale and the other classical Persian narrations.