فصلنامه تحقیقات حقوقی معاهده
پیاپی 1 (زمستان 1396)

Nowadays with the advancement of human society and increasing of social welfare, demolition of old buildings and construction of new buildings with more floors instead of them are deemed common practice. In performance of demolition operations, as the first phase of construction, and according to the national building regulations and other relevant provisions, a group of people are involved that violation of their professional duties and responsibilities does inevitable the possibility of damage both human and financial to people. In this article it have been tried with identifying of persons involved in the demolition of buildings, to be paid to study of principles of civil liability and amount of responsibility for each of them. The result of research indicates that building owner, executive engineer and supervisor engineer as real persons and municipality, engineering organization and housing and urbanism organization as legal entities are involved factors in demolition of building that according to case may be held responsible for damages based on contractual liability, No Loss Principle, theory of causality and … in the form of general partnership or non-general partnership.

Marriage always creates rights and duties for couples;But the excessive emphasis on the "right", which is one of the achievements of this century,Today resonse, they are looking for answers to this key question, which is essentially a wife after marriage,What kind of rights will be in his marital life; Using the descriptive analytical method, we find that, firstly, the rights of a wife are determined by marriage in one of the categories of "financial rights", "social rights", "emotional rights" and "religious rights" That the scope of each of these rights, according to dignity, Social status can be in change, Also, if a woman tends to increase her wages due to marriage, she can take advantage of the general rule of the contractual provisions of the marriage contract, And some of these rights, which are due to marrying women,Upon completion or dissolution of the marriage will be eliminated.

The modern right to die discourse –in the sense of having right, and not necessarily being right- , regardless of its moral content, has nowadays been turned into a duty-based concept, instead of something related to good and evil, and accordingly it has been in conformity with some rights and freedoms mentioned in human rights instruments, and contrary with some others. The opponents, affirming the sanctity of life and limited autonomy and liberty of man, are worried about probable abuses of this right and some of them go even too much further than this and equalize it to homicide. On the other hand, the proponents emphasize on human liberty and moral agency, inherent dignity, and his right to decide for his own private life.
This article has surveyed international human rights instruments, to find even an implicit recognition of right to die in the light of other aforementioned rights, and to demonstrate what would be the obligations of states in order to recognize this right.

In Iran legal system in the light of the ideas of Prominent jurists that some have banned music entirely, and some permitted only Sama dance in one hand, and refusing to become party to the major international copyright conventions on the other hand, also inconsistence between domestic rules with global model laws caused the protection of Musical works regardless of their specific conditions. Nowadays due to the transformation of these ideas and various music styles, it is required to carry out experiments in composers and other persons engaged in music rights. Composer is someone who writes down his intellectual ideas in musical form and differs from a performer who merely performs the songs composed by composer by whom the certain frame determined. Thus the protection type and its border is different from those of authors. Music author initially is called composer, however Bern Convention has introduced music arrangers as music authors. Music authors enjoy several economic and moral rights. Therefore the present article approach is revising these rights and study the limitations of them according to the most important treaties in relation to the Musical works. Then in order to advantages and disadvantages of Iran intellectual property rules recognition, the copyright laws and draft bill of protection of literary and artistic law and related rights have been studied. Also we have done our best to give the most useful approach to solve the existing problems.

International Court of Justice (hereinafter I C J) decision on " Dispute Regarding Navigational and Related Rights " ( Costa Rica v. Nicaragua ) has been considered as the first decision of the I C J as the world court. Although being controversial and debatable, in fronting lack of state practice, I C J dynamically invoked the role of individuals in order to identify a rule of special Customary International Law ( hereinafter C I L) as one of the most fundamental and primary sources of public international law enunciated in I C J statute. The decision in question reemphasized the salient role of aule of special C I L in international law and regarded the possible role of individuals on identifying this kind of legal rule. Applying functional approach very dynamically, I C J, as well as possible, has played a considerable role in promoting progressive development of international law.