نشریه زن در توسعه و سیاست
سال شانزدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1397)

This study is applied research which used a qualitative research method in the field. The study aiming to analyze the effects of social capital components on the empowerment of rural women engaging home businesses. The area of the study was Razan County and statistic population consisted of the women engaging in home businesses with total of 460 people, of which 266 were selected through stratified sampling as the sample group. In addition to a deep documentary survey, the necessary data and information were collected from the field using a structured questionnaire. The study instrument validity was confirmed by a panel relevant experts and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient that the reliability in all parts of the questionnaire was estimated 0/85. In order to analyze the data collected both Lisrel and SPSS20 software was used. The results of cluster analysis indicates that 63/25 of whom were poor in terms of capacity and 21 percent were relatively strong, while only 14/84 percent of them were quite formidable. Based on the results of diagnostic analysis, it can be said the most important factors that distinguish these groups are as follows: ensuring community participation, social trust and social cohesion.

The purpose of this study was representation the experiences of students referring to Tabriz University's consulting center from the sense of existential loneliness. The present study is qualitative and phenomenological methodology and purposeful sampling and through deep interview with 18 students who referred to Tabriz University's consulting center. The interviews were recorded and analyzed by the method of Sterbent and the Carpenter. The findings of the experiences of theof existential loneliness of students in the 4 main themes of the Perceived feelings, positive loneliness, negative loneliness and a way to reduce negative loneliness were identified. The female students of Tabriz University from existential loneliness had a feeling of thrownness, anxiety and separation, which had both positive and negative consequences for them. By establishment approaches such as explain the existential situation of students in existence and excellence in this position can be overcome this type of sense of loneliness in students.

As adequate social relationships and reception of social support play an important role in women’s Feeling of security and mental health, in this research social apathy factors in Tehranian women are studied. This research was done in 2016 by using qualitative approach. Research participants are 15 women who came in a health home in one of Tehran’s zone. Purposive sampling method was used for choosing participants. Gathered information from semi-structured interviews by using Grounded Theory method was analyzed. After analyzing interview-gathered data, four Abstract categories including a) Underlying causesofapathy and attractiveness decline in Neighborly relations, b) causal factors in forming the negative consequences of Neighborly relations, c) causal factors of Lack of trust and security and d) causal factors of inconsonance in Neighborly relations, Were identified.

Reducing youth marriages has raised social concerns at micro and macro levels. The research is aimed at understanding the meaning of marriage and the mental image of youth from marriage and their strategy for marriage. The qualitative approach is based on theoretical and Purposeful Sampling method, with the basic theory and participants, with 28 single youth from different areas of Tehran in 1396. The data collection was obtained using semi-structured, deep-seated interview technique and the core of the research with data categorization in open, axial and selective coding.
Contributors to the "retardation" experience marriage from four categories of fear, reluctance, decline in transcendental values and pleasure, with semantic reasons in three categories of livelihood patterns: the insecure economy, the inability to manage costs, women's financial independence, inclusive value relationships Ethical values and social-communicational relationships; social status and how bisexual communication can be interrelated.
Paying attention to youth livelihoods, creating jobs and making money should be a top priority for government and private sector programs. Restoring the value-added cultural infrastructure reproduced in communicative relationships affected by the action of activists requires re-socialization by relevant institutions.

The type of approach and attitude towards water is effective in water treatment. And women are one of the most important agents of water consumption at the household level. In a situation where dehydration has become one of the super-challenges, it is important to know the views of women about this situation. The purpose of this study is to explore the experience and interpretation of Isfahan women from water consumption and dehydration. The current research has been done by qualitative method; meanwhile, it has been used of method of data-based theory for conducting the research and analyzing data. In addition, the sampling method is based on purposeful sampling. Also, to obtain validation of investigation, three methods including validation by mwmbers, analytical comparison, and external inspection by supervisor and consultant are used. In order to data collection, a semi-structured interview has been done with 30 women living in the city of Esfahan. After implementing open coding, axial coding and selective coding, 10 main categories and a paradigmatic model has been presented. Environmental and natural hazards, and modernization of causes of water scarcity conditions; obsessive-compulsive disorder and social and psychological concerns as the causing conditions; water governance and water consumption technologies as the interfering conditions; saving, awareness and learning as the strategies; and finally danger understanding, being responsible and feeling guilty of unnecessary consumption as the consequences have been achieved. Therefore, Institutional theory in this research is culture and infrastructure which has been provided in the form of a paradigmatic model.

Tourism is known as a modern leisure activity in contemporary societies. However, like other leisure activities, there is not an equal access to it among social strata including classes and genders. Furthermore, middle class in Iran experiences a wide range of changes in values, behavioral patterns and choices in recent decades. This paper aims to answer these questions: (1) what functions do middle class women in Iranian metropolises identify for lonely/female-only travels? (2) what challenges do they identify in lonely/female-only travels before, ongoing and after travel, and what are their coping strategies? To answer these questions, qualitative approach and ethnographic interview as method was used. Fourtheen women were interviewed. Findings showed that women identified two functions for lonely/female-only travels: escaping and engaging. The most importatnt challenge for women befor travel were having family’s agreement and managing the household in women’s abnsence. Emotional and functional challenges were two challenges when female-only travelers on tour. Womens’ coping strategies ranged from passive reactions to active and creative reactions. In summurize, lonely/female-only travel for women is the realm of experiencing, testing and proofing their own power, agency and independence in contemporary Iran.

This article is going to discover and explain policies of 4th, 5th and 6th development plans on the empowering of women headed family. Divorced women, widows, single and married women who their husbands are not able to work, are meant by women headed family. To empower this group of women necessitate to consider two factors: advancement and women’s agency. The main question is examining of two factors within development plans for empowering women headed family. Findings of the research based on qualitative content analysis method are presenting that development plans have not been effective in enhancing women's empowerment in the area of access to resources and presence in social networks and markets. It only limited to financial support and in some context social support. This kind of policy would not lead to reduce women’s poverty in the long run.