نشریه پژوهش های ادبیات تطبیقی
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 16، تابستان 1397)

Literature has a special position in representing society. The novel is a special literary genre and a perfect mirror which reflects and reveals the events, progress, growth and change of the society. Most especially in both countries of Iran and Senegal, this style of writing has been accompanied by the social and cultural changes. Family is the most important and fundamental element of the community. The main role of the story is been played by the family in most contemporary novels. The concept of family plays a key role in most contemporary novels, and the main role of the story is always introduced in the family. On the other hand, the roles that humans take in their families often expresses the realities of the community. Regarding the political and social conditions governing each period, the way writers pay attention to family issues. In this article, we have studied the comparison and analysis of family in Iranian and Senegalese contemporary novels (showhare Aho khanom and so long a letter), in response to these questions, which are these similarities as well as the structural differences of the family in the contemporary novels of these two nations and how they emerged narratively. In addition of studing family in novels, this research is also a kind of comparison between Iranian and Senegalese cultures, and the important works of contemporary writers in these two nations are compared, which can help the develop of comparative literature in both countries.

The subject of the present article is the study the adapted movie of Pasoini from Thousand and One Nights in the form of adaptation. The research question of our paper is whether Pasolini's adapted movie makes it possible for the text to be clarified and illustrated or if Pasolini's movie can add new meaning and interpretations to the text? the objective of the paper is, in addition to studing the similarities and differences of the text and the image with a comparative approach, is to demonstrate that Pasolini behind adapting the Nights is to insert his ideological mechanisms his school's discourses into the movie. The method of this article is based on Linda Hucheon's theory of adaptation. hucheon believes adaptation is derivation but not copying rather it is a new work which is important in itself. According to Hucheon Pasoini' make the arabian Nights his own and changes it and place his own worldview on it and has deviated from it and this deviation is inevitable

Sadeq Hedayat is a deconstructionist artist-thinker who had created his own style in his writing. One can venture to say that his The Blind Owl has been criticized more than any other Iranian literary work in more than half a century ago and still critics reveal some fresh aspects of this masterpiece. Critics have analyzed surrealistic, symbolic, existentialist, nationalistic, expressionistic and metaphysical dimensions of this work. From the lens of comparative literature, a lot has been written on the influences of Schopenhauer, Sartre, Maupassant, Nerval and Kafka among others on Hedayat both structurally and thematically. In this research, the undeniable influences of Virginia Woolf’s The Waves on The Blind Owl and their undiscovered similarities are scrutinized. Furthermore, inter-textual aspects of the two mentioned masterpieces are analyzed thematically and in this respect one of the major themes of The Waves, that is, narrative exhaustion, is analyzed and its resonance in The Blind Owl is traced. Through textual comparison, it is shown that how some of The Blind Owl’s sentences have dazzling similarities with some key phrases and sentences of The Waves.

Literary text always reflects the idea of writers and poets. In these taxes are used common themes such as freedom, justice, fighting oppression. In addition it is formed highlighting the literary texts and messages up human dignity, a special genre of literature known as the conceptual components of conflict and resistance. Some Motif or repetitive elements, components accompanied concept. “Children” as a motif is selected that repeatedly Lyrics resistance for display. Repeat this element is trying represents the poet to convey certain thoughts related to this issue. To achieve this certainty scratch resistance poems in three languages, Persian, Arabic and French, selected and assigned components of the concept of resistance, the relationship of the “Children” as a motif and cookies is analyzed with these components. The results matched elected in three languages, show competence in the use of intellectual poets in the poetry of resistance “Children” as a motif and is very close to each other. Among the factors studied these motifs have been obvious with the emotional abuse and aspirations role.

According to sociological critique of literature that examines the environmental and community impact and shows writer’s skills in reflecting community events and environments, this research, using analytical method based on American school of comparative literature, has tried to examine short stories of Ghassan Kanafani , prominent Palestinian writer, and author of the famous Iranian author Qasemali Farasat from the perspective of sociological criticism. Also it Wants to envisage a picture, of the years (1948- 1967) of Palestinian society and the events of war in Iran (1359- 1367 AH) and the years following, using the “line between the lines” of war and defense literary works. The results indicate that both the authors have criticized political, historical and social events of his own society applying realistic style. They also have looked upon armed forces and women and children characters employing the aforementioned style. Ghassan has criticized the dire economic situation, the involvement of foreign agents and ignorance and illiteracy in the community. Farasat has also spoken on economic gap and described soldiers and veterans in war area. Both authors have praised martyrdom in the cultural field and pointed out the effects of human spirituality and inner pains. Themes of both stories are anti-despotism , social problems and sufferings and failures of contemporary human being.

Abstract One of the topics that have been very much considered by the poets, it's a chess game. This game is from the themes seen in Arabic poetry, especially poetry of the Abbasid poets and Persian poets of the Iraqi and Azerbaijani style. Due to the prevalence of chess in various literary periods and the king's interest in it, the poets have been able to reveal their thoughts and emotions and the theme of their minds through the symbolic use of chess and vertebras. The purpose of this study is to compare the poetry of the Arab poets of the Abbasid period and the poets of the Iraqi and Azerbaijani style of Persian literature. The research method is descriptive-analytical in order to find out the chess phenomena in the poems of these two periods. The results of this research show that the symbol of chess has different meanings in Arabic and Persian poems. It can be said that the common themes of chess in the poems of the Arab poets of the Abbasid period and the style of Iraqi and Azerbaijani is that Iranian and Arab poets in some of their poems have likened the chessboard to worldly life due to the instability of its vertebrate on the chess board. And they consider chess as a tool for entertainment and a tool for polishing and defining mind or intellect. They also explain the scene of war and destiny and having a wisdom in life by interpreting the game.

Abstract : In this article we will study “Eco-critique” which is one of the new approaches in the domain literary critique. Primarily we procced to pioneers of this approach, afterwards to the relation of human and nature, and then to representation of nature in the literary works. Also we will see the logic foundation of Eco-critique. Finally we will finish this article with the analyses of an example of a short history of Jean GIONO, with the name of “A man who plant a tree.” Abstract : In this article we will study “Eco-critique” which is one of the new approaches in the domain literary critique. Primarily we procced to pioneers of this approach, afterwards to the relation of human and nature, and then to representation of nature in the literary works. Also we will see the logic foundation of Eco-critique. Finally we will finish this article with the analyses of an example of a short history of Jean GIONO, with the name of “A man who plant a tree.”