Journal of Research and Health
Volume:8 Issue: 6, Nov-Dec 2018

Evolving evidence shows that health promotion interventions that explicitly use models and theories that are rooted in social and behavioral sciences, are more effective than interventions without a theoretical framework [1]. Testing theories and models is a critical step that should be conducted before utilizing them for intervention development [2].

Hypertension is nowadays increasingly observed among the workforce population. There are many risk factors for hypertension. This study was conducted to survey hypertension and its associated risk factors among male workers of the industrial sector in Shiraz city. 500 male workers employed in Shiraz city industries participated voluntarily (age range of 20 to 59 years). A questionnaire and direct measurements were used to collect required data. The questionnaire consisted of two parts including a) demographic and occupational and b) anthropometric (height, weight, BMI, WHtR) and physiological (blood pressure and VO2-max) characteristics of the subjects. Mean (standard deviation) of systolic and diastolic Blood Pressure (BP), and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in workers were 128.37±14.78, 83.13±13.10, and 98.21±13.36 mmHg, respectively. The results showed that systolic and diastolic BP, and MAP significantly were related to BMI, shift work, and smoking. Also, statistical analysis revealed that mean values of VO2-max between workers with normal and high blood pressure are significantly different. The results of this study demonstrated that domestic and occupational life style and cardio-respiratory fitness are the risk factors for hypertension in the studied workers.

Impulsivity is the fundamental aspect of human behavior that has been reflected in principal theories of personality in concepts of traits and sub-traits and considered as a different structure in every person. The aim of this study was to predict the attitude toward infidelity based on impulsivity and personality traits. The research method was correlational. The study population consisted of all those who had referred to family courts, counseling centers and welfare organization of Babolsar city whom 150 participants were selected. Participants responded to NEO personality inventory, attitudes toward infidelity scale, and dickman impulsivity inventory. The results showed that the attitude toward infidelity was correlated negatively with agreeableness, while it was correlated positively with conscientiousness, openness to experience, extraversion, and neuroticism. Results also showed that there was a significant positive correlation between attitude toward infidelity and impulsivity. It was also found that personality traits were significant predictors of attitude toward infidelity and the obtained model gave 0.52 of the variance. The results of this study demonstrated the importance of personality traits for counselors and psychotherapists to evaluate these factors and do all their efforts in order to identify the influencing factors and obstacles

Reproduction of scoring and interpretation of conceptual model underlying global measure of relationship satisfaction (GMREL) scale are prerequisites to the use of it in cross-cultural studies. This study was carried out to examine the factor structure and the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of GMREL. The participants of this study consisted of 299 patients (men=128 and women=171) who attended to counseling centers in Tehran. The GMREL, attitudes toward infidelity scale, Kansas marital satisfaction scale, and Enrich sexual satisfaction subscale were used for data collection. Results supported the internal consistency, test re-test reliability, and concurrent validity of GMREL. The confirmatory factor analysis of data supported first-order factor model includes 6 items. Our results confirmed the predicted relationships between GMREL and attitudes toward infidelity, marital satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction and also revealed the construct validity of GMREL translation among Iranian population. This study showed that GMREL has appropriate validity and reliability for Iranian sample and can be used as reliable, valid, and cross-cultural instrument.

Addiction can cause many problems for the addict and family, so that the addict's family suffers from more problems. Addicts’ wife suffer more psychological and marital problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness training on reducing couple burnout of addict’s wife. The study was quasi-experimental that used the pretest-posttest whit control group. The population of this study was consisted the addicts’ wife referring to the addiction treatment centers of Rasht city, Iran. 20 persons were assigned into experimental and control groups by using random sampling method (n=10). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of mindfulness training and control group received no intervention. The data collected through Pines’ Couple Burnout Measure (CBM). The results showed that there was significant differences between the pretest and posttest scores of the experimental group so mindfulness training could significantly reduce the couple burnout out of addict’s wife. Thus, interventions based on this approach lead to decrease the marital problems of these women.

The Comorbidity of diabetes with psychological disorders negatively intensifies the symptoms of diabetic patients, reduces their response to treatment, decreases their life quality and consequently increases their mortality rate. The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of group training based on acceptance and commitment in improving quality of life and reducing anxiety in diabetics. The present controlled experimental study was conducted using pretests and posttests. The statistical population comprised all women with diabetes presenting to a medical diagnostic laboratory in Shahriar, Iran. Convenience sampling was used to select highly anxious diabetics, who were assigned to experimental and control groups. The depression anxiety stress scale was used to measure anxiety and the SF-36 to assess quality of life in the samples. The 15-session protocol proposed by Eifert was also used for the group training of the concepts, principles and techniques of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). The results obtained suggested significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of anxiety and quality of life. In fact, acceptance and commitment based group training significantly reduced anxiety and improved quality of life in women with diabetes. Interventions for teaching the concepts, principles and techniques of ACT increased quality of life and reduced anxiety in women with diabetes. Teaching these concepts therefore can comprise a major mechanism for improving the process of healthy mental growth of women.

Obesity is a major health problem which leads to a decline in the indicators of individuals’ mental and physical health. Studies have indicated that there is a significant relationship between obesity, anxiety and depression; as well obesity can negatively affect interpersonal communication and create interpersonal problems. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of group training based on acceptance and commitment on reducing anxiety and interpersonal problems in obese women in Tehran, Iran. This present quasi-experimental study was conducted on a statistical population comprising all obese women presenting to a health home in District 2 of Tehran. Thirty of these women were selected using convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). The participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-32). The 15-session treatment protocol proposed by Eifert was used for group training based on acceptance and commitment. Group training based on acceptance and commitment reduced anxiety in obese women and improved their interpersonal relationships. According to the results of the data analysis, group training based on acceptance and commitment therapy affected the psychological process of obese women and reduced anxiety and interpersonal problems of the experimental group compared to the controls in the posttest stage.

Substance abuse is a serious global problem that is affected by multiple psychosocial factors, and personality traits play a central role in its occurrence. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the five factors of personality (extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and neuroticism) and five categories of drugs (sedatives, opiates, stimulants, hallucinogens, and marijuana) among self-introduced addicts. The statistical population of the study was self-introduced addicts attending addiction treatment centers in Khorram Abad. The participants of the study included 100 addicts with drug abuse disorder who were selected by the classified sampling method underlining five classes of drugs (20 participants in each class) as the sampling strata. Data were gathered using the structured clinical interview of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders, NEO five-factor inventory-revised, and the structured demographic questionnaire. The results showed that high levels of neuroticism distinguish users of sedatives from those of other drugs. participants with high levels of openness to experience and low agreeableness and conscientiousness are consistently associated with the use of marijuana, hallucinogens, and stimulants. The results also demonstrated that addicts with high levels of extraversion and low levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness are consistently associated with the use of stimulants. The results of this research indicate that personality traits contain valuable information about the nature of personality traits affecting drug type in addicts. These findings are useful in drug abuse treatment and preventing drug abuse recurrence.

Social skills are set of learned abilities which enable individual to interact with the appreciate ability in social context. Assertiveness training skills is one of the most commonly known social skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of assertiveness skill training in reducing the stress of staffs at the emergency medical center. This quasi-experimental study was carried out by using pretest and posttest with control group. The statistical population was all employees (44 participants) who working at the emergency medical center that were selected by census method and were divided into experimental group and control group. Then the assertiveness training program was conducted on the experimental group during 10 weeks (one week per session for 1.5 hours) but control group did not receive these trainings and skills. Tools included gambrill–richey assertion inventory and job stress inventory. The findings showed that the assertiveness skill training has an effect on reducing staffs' stress and increasing assertiveness at emergency medical center. Regarding the results, it can be seen that the assertiveness skill training by cognitive method will significantly increase the assertiveness and reduce the stress of the staffs and these skills enable individuals to stand up for their beliefs and rights

Obese women have negative physical self-concept and attitude about self .Schema therapy as a new approach in psychological intervention is effective in reduction of negative beliefs, self-concept and worry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group schema therapy on physical self-concept and worry about weight and diet in women with obesity. This study was a quasi-experimental design using pretest-posttest and control group. Statistical population consists of 186 women who referred to a nutrition and diet therapy clinic and nutrition counseling center. After screening women with obesity, they were asked to fulfill Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) and Worry about Weight and Diet Scale (WWDS). Those who gained high scores in these questionnaires (40 women) selected for study. Among of them 30 women were selected randomly and placed in two experimental and control groups (15 persons in each group). The experimental group received 15 sessions of group schema therapy with 90 minutes per session and control group was in waiting list. Both groups completed PSDQ and WWDS in baseline and final intervention. The results showed that there is a significant difference in terms of physical self- concept and concern about weight and food diet between experimental and control group. Group schema therapy training for women with obesity can lead to improvement of physical self-concept and reduction of worry about weight and food diet.

The aim of current research was to investigate the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy in the improvement of communication patterns and marital intimacy among married women. This quasi-experimental research used pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of married women referred to the one of the health houses of Tehran city in 2015. A sample of 24 women was selected according to available sampling method. Based on the obtained score on communication patterns scale and marital intimacy scale the subjects were assigned randomly in two experimental and control groups (12 subjects per group). The experimental group participated in 7 sessions of group solution-focused therapy and the control group received no treatment. The gathered data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results show that there were significant differences between the pretest and post-test scores of the experimental group, indicating that the solution-focused brief therapy could significantly improve communication patterns and increase marital intimacy among married women (p>0.05). Thus, interventions based on solution-focused brief therapy could be useful in improving the communication patterns and increasing the marital intimacy.

A major focus of attention in psychology has been on the consequences and determinants of well-being. Religiosity and personality have both been shown to predict well-being and mental health, but the two predictors have not often been investigated together. The relations among well-being outcomes and motives, religiosity, and personality factors were investigated in a Malay muslim context. 255 volunteer university students completed satisfaction with life scale, subjective happiness scale, rosenberg’s self-esteem scale, hedonic and eudaimonic motives for activities, religious orientation scale-revised, gratitude toward God questionnaire, and the 60-item honesty–humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness personality inventory-revised. The data were analyzed using the statistics such as partial correlation, and hierarchical regression. Results showed that religiosity measures were associated with higher levels of honesty–humility, conscientiousness, agreeableness, happiness, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and a eudaimonic way of living. Religiosity had null or weak relationships with well-being outcomes and motives, beyond broad personality factors. Religiosity and honesty-humility may be relatively more important for eudaimonia than for hedonia.