نشریه مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1392)

Development is essentially a multi-dimensional process which involves changes in social structure and culture on the one hand and economic growth and reducing poverty and social inequality on the other. Iran is not the same level of development, and variations can be seen in this context. The diversity and complexity of the issue of the necessity of development and deprivation suggests. Study of the functional nature - a combination of library research methods and analysis, and the overall objective, identify states powerful and factors constrained the development of social - economic variables for this purpose during 1390-1387 78 has been used. The purpose of the selected indexes for each state using the software SPSS and Excel format models, HDI and TOPSIS analysis were the results of the composite index of human development and the technique TOPSIS shows the mean HDI equal to 0.230 and TOPSIS equal to 0.150% of the HDI Tehran Province with 0.706% and Semnan 0.081 percent, the highest and lowest level of the model TOPSIS with the provincial average of TOPSIS, 0.355, 0.165, 0.090 and 0.030 of the zoning areas and developed a that is comprehensive and balanced development is to achieve breakthroughs.

Sustainable development is equilibrium among the different aspects of development which its aim is to improve the quality of life. Achieving urban sustainable development is the ultimate aim of urban managers and planners to utilize and establish the relationship among human, community and nature. This article aims study the state of sustainable development in the eight urban zones of Ahvaz city via social, physical and urban services through 21 variables. The methodology of the research is based on descriptive- analytical approaches. Also Shannon Entropy Coefficient, Vikor model and Coefficient of Variation were used to show the distribution of sustainable development and the influence level of given indexes. SPSS was applied to process the data and information. The results showed that the eight zones of Ahvaz city have been different regarding the given indices and there is a significant relation between these indices and the trend of sustainable development as all indexes influenced directly on the level of development in the eight zones of the city.

Identifying and measuring different aspects of social capital in urban quarter lead to a better understanding of the differences among urban system elements (urban neighbourhood). This point will make the planning process according to system differences. In this paper, different aspects of social capital (social awareness, civic participation, social trust and social cohesion) in three neighborhoods of Zanjan including old (Dabbagha), new (Gaem) and informal settlement (Trans) are discussed. These areas have different geographic structure and comparative measure of social capital is used. The methodology of the research is based on analytical - explanatory approach. The data was collected by a field survey and the secondary documents. The results from applying analysis hierarchical process model (AHP) showed that although old and informal areas have numerous problems, their social capital, particularly social capital within a quarter, is higher than the social capital of new neighborhood. This privilege can be considered as a potential capacity to promote their life quality.

SWOT strategic analysis technique has had a vast use in spatial planning. However, there has not been enough consideration to the necessity of its adaptation with the complexities of spatial planning , including dealing with a network of decision makers organization in public sector - instead of just one organization in private sector - the complicated relationships among them and enormous stake-holders with different interests - versus limited stakeholders with one common objective in private sector. This article aims to redefine this technique and its uses in spatial planning through explaining its two theoretical and practical aspects.
Firstly, it would be explained the theoretical origins of SWOT technique in spatial planning. This would be aimed through introducing strategic thinking and strategic approach in planning, its characteristics and its contribution to spatial planning. In other words, the relationships between these characteristics with the abilities of SWOT would be illustrated.
Later, practically the complexity and difficulties of using this technique in spatial planning -versus corporate planning - would be discussed in order to design a framework to clarify these ambiguities and redefine a framework to apply practice this technique..
To sum up, this article would be examined the designed framework in Tehran activities and vocation planning. This objective would be done through a four steps process, as follows: (a) introducing the system boundaries and its environment; (b) identifying the controllable internal factors in system and the outputs in two categories named strengths and weaknesses; (c) identifying the external factors including opportunities and threats in the environment of uncontrollable uncertainties and constraints; and (d) preparing alternative strategies including synergic strategies, consistency strategies, contingency strategies and conservative strategies

Cities are the symbol and manifestation of any types of new technology. The present era that is the era of ICT and the impact of new technology is significant in the cities. Kerman ICT infrastructure is in good condition. The aim of this research is to access to the effect of the ICT on the space and structure in this city, By using a descriptive – analytical method and questionnaire tools that the number of 382 of which Cochran formula were produced and then cluster sampling - a place in the neighborhood of 4 different levels (economic, historical) were filled and analysis was performed with SPSS 16.0. Also by using AHP models And Software Export choice were determined the most effective in changing the infrastructure and urban spaces were that ICT to 413 score. The reason are consistent with past research and also it show that ICT, not only caused confusion in urban spaces, (Except where not the correct location) But also could annihilate most of the unorganized and cause order in urban old spaces, especially (more streets) And Also helped to organize the urban structure.

Safety and fire services are considered to be the most important utilities in times of fires and other events for citizens and residents. Timely relief in events such as fire reduces life and the financial losses of city and citizens and prevents further losses. The city of Zabol because of special conditions as one of the critical cities from the point of view of the fire is considered and it is faced with shortages in point view of the number and distribution of fire stations. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the fire stations condition in city of Zabol with TOPSIS method to reduce urban dangers. Descriptive and analytical method of research is based on library studies and documentary and field investigation. Area covered by the study includes fire stations of Zabol which also offer services to surrounding villages. Stations were evaluated to five criteria of quality and quantity with TOPSIS method. Data and information related to stations, and also assessment of its various criteria were used collected by going directly to the stations and opinion poll of officials of station and citizens in the form of 380 questionnaires. The results of applying TOPSIS method show that a fire station (central, 0.956) in the first rank, number two stations (St. Modarres, 0.257) and station number three (Shahid Bahonar, 0.084) are next in rank. According to presented analysis,we should revise preparation and selection of station.

In recent decades, several concepts have emerged after spatial reflections of different economic, political and technological processes that had considered cities in the regional scale. All of these notions emphasize on polycentric feature in metropolitan areas and the strong relationships between theirs elements and main centers. However, these important spatial characteristics bring many ambiguities for scholars as well as policymakers. In spite of two decades of efforts that concentrated on poly-centricity in different scales, in particular metropolitan level, few studies have held in the regional planning major’s literature in Iran that focus on this issue. So, it is essential to provide a theoretical framework that can address the key challenges of poly-centricity sequentially at a wider perspective for filling these theoretical and empirical gaps and deeper understanding of the issue. This framework must outline the visions, the common conflicts and their effects on each other and open the ways for future studies. In this study, the main body seeks three main challenges of poly-centric metropolitan areas; conceptual and measurement, and evaluation and efficacy, planning and governance with concern to the link of them. Finally it proposes a framework for further researches as a result.