مجله پژوهش و توسعه جنگل
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پاییز 1397)

This study aimed to investigation the status of participation in the sustainable management of the Kalgchy traditional area forests. Questionnaire was the main instrument which used in this study, that its various items were chosen by documentary studies and expert panel composed of prominent country experts and elite experts and distributed between local people and experts. Determination of the relationship between indicators was used by fuzzy techniques DEMATEL and for the role of social and economic factors on the participation of communities in sustainable forest management was used by logistic regression model. According to local people and experts, the participation of local people is low to moderate in the planning and implementation of projects. The results of model DEMATEL showed that the "help to upgrade facilities and human resources for the conservation and restoration" as the most influential and "administrative and technical co-operation" as an indicator of richest of participatory management indicators. Age and usage history of the forest area variables had inverse relation with the participation and the Pearson’s test results showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the incomes of local people with participate of sustainable forest management indicators.

In this study, Nano-polymer CBR PLUS is sued for soil stabilization in forest roads. Tests were carried out to identify the texture, Atterberg limits, compaction and CBR on the control and treated soil samples with different percentage of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1%. In order to study the mechanical characteristics of upper layer, five plots including one control plot (untreated) and four sample plots were carried out on forest road. The results showed that the Nano-polymer reduced liquid and plastic limits. By increasing the percentage of CBR PLUS, the soil fine particles decreased in control and treated samples, in which that 1% treatment has the minimum content in weight percent of soil fine particles and maximum content in coarse particles compare to other treatments. Also soil treated with CBR PLUS, reduces the optimum moisture content and increases maximum dry density and California Bearing Capacity (CBR). Investigation of chemical properties showed that the amount of Calcium, Magnesium and Potassium increased in runoff. It was concluded that 1% of Nano-polymer CBR PLUS acted better in comparison with other treatments.

The aim of this study is to determine the status of forest spatial disturbance in Golestan National Park using remote sensing and landscape metrics. Detailed forest/non-forest map was prepared by on-screen digitizing method using Landsat 8 data. After determining the optimal area of gridding, the studied area was divided into 550 hexagonal zones with the area of 100 hectares each one. Spatial distribution, connectivity and composition of non-forest patches in each zone were measured using 12 spatial metrics (MESH, NP, PD, ENN-MN, LPI, FRAC-MN, CONTIG_MN, SPLIT, AREA-MN, DIVISION, PLAND and SHAPE-MN). After standardization of metrics values, principal component analysis was also performed in order to determine the effective metrics in disturbance and their associate weight in the spatial disturbance model. Afterwards, based on the prepared model, the disturbance index map was prepared and classified in four classes of disturbance including 1) without disturbance, 2) low disturbance 3) medium disturbance and 4) high disturbance. The results showed that the mentioned classes cover 48.53, 16.15, 19.90 and 15.41 percentage of the studied area, respectively. With the approach that used in this study, the disturbances map of the under management forest areas can be prepared periodically and used as one of its monitoring tools.

Seed Germination of Pistachio is difficult naturally because of hard shell. Therefore, study and research on germination increasing of this species is very important. This study was conducted to investigate different treatments of gibberellic acid and stratification on seed germination of Pistachio (Pistacia vera) in Khajeh Kalat forest, which is located in the Serakhs and Kalat county in north west of Iran. To do so, Firstly seeds of Pistachio were collected from 23 land units of study area and after that, seven treatment of gibberellic acid and stratification in three replications were done on seeds. Then germination percent and speed, germination value and average time of germination were measured. Regarding to results of this study, there were significant relations between treatments and different factors of germination (p<0.01). Stratification treatments have more effects on germination compare to gibberellic acid. Also, Sixth and eighth weeks stratification have more effects on germination between other treatments. The lowest amount of germination was in 500 ppm acid gibberellic in 12 hours as well.

This study was conducted to investigate effect of different irrigation and shade treatments on arial and root biomass, leaf area and viability of Caucasian hackberry Seedlings in Shorab nursery, Khoramabad, Lorestan province, Iran. Firstly, 30 Celtis caucasica trees was selected in around of Shorab village forests and then seeds were collected from different directions of trees. Seeds were planted on plots in November and budded in April next year and afterwards plots were irrigated daily until starting treatments. After that, four irrigation treatments (daily, once in every two, three and four days) and three shade treatments (full light, semi and full shade) with three replications and 30 pots per replicate (overally, 1080 expirmental units) were applied on them during five months period. Then, leaf length and width, leaf area, viability, arial and root biomass were measured and analysed in split test model by multi way ANOVA. Results showed interations of irrigation and shade have significant effects on biomass, leaf length and leaf width (p<0.05). Irrigation have significant effect on viability of seedlings in full light, but this effect is not significant in semi shade and full shade. Also, by reducing light, viability of seedlings is decreased. Regarding to results, could be inferred that growth and viability of seedlings are better in full light compared to other treatments which this shows Celtis caucasica is extremlly light demand species and high levels of light are important for its growth.

CEC is the most important soil engineering properties used to determine the swelling potential of soil. Measuring CEC of soil is difficult, time-consuming, costly and consuming of dangerous chemical materials. In this study the ability of spectral reflectance to estimate the amount of CEC were investigated. So 45 soil samples were collected from Namkhaneh series of Kheyrood kenar Forest and their reflectance were measured in the range 350-2500 nm in dark room. Then the relationship between CEC and reflectance and first derivative of reflectance were analyzed by single band Pearson correlation, PLSR and two groups of narrowband soil indices (RI, DI). The results of this study showed that narrowband indices have stronger relationship than PLSR and the DI index in case first derivative have highest correlation (R2=0.82, RMSE=5.01). In the PLSR method between reflectance and CEC strong relationship was observed while the indices of first derivation reflectance and CEC have stronger relationship than row reflectance. So reflectance can be as a nondestructive, fast, easy and Cost effective method to estimate the CEC.

In order to investigate the effect of traditional utilization on the diversity and composition of woody species diversity in the western oak forest, two disturbed and less disturbed stands were selected with similar physiographic and floristic conditions. Therefore, 30 circularly shape plots with 1000 m2 surface area were established based on random-systematic sampling with 50×50 m network dimensions. In each sample plot, the frequency and type of woody species were recorded in the prepared sheets of inventory. The average Margalaf species richness indices, Pielo evenness, Shannon-Weiner and Simpson species diversity were calculated in each plot and normalized by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. To test the significance of the difference between the mean of indices, t-student test was used for normal data and Mann-Whitney U test for abnormal data. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) was used for ordination of the woody species samples. The results of the study showed that the means of richness and diversity indices in the disturbed stand were significantly lower than in the less disturbed stand; however, the mean of evenness index did not show any statistically significant differences between two stands. High correlation of first axis of DCA proves the importance of destructive factors, such as cutting, branching, frequency of copping, grazing, and qualitative factors, such as basal area and number of trees. These factors plays an important role in differentiation of the forest stands.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on flora, vegetation composition, and floristic quality of Gall oak community in middle Zagros forests. Two sites with the same ecological condition and different land uses were selected. In order to determine the tree canopy cover, ground flora cover and herbaceous biomass, eight 2500 m2 plots, 48 micro plots with 1 m2 area, and 24, 0.25 m2 quadrats were used, respectively. The coefficient of conservatism of each species were determined based on the resistance to disturbances and their fidelity to region. The result showed that Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae were the most dominant families and Therophytes and Hemicryptophytes were the most common life forms. The Irano-Touranian species were the most important chorotypes in this area. The most species fall in the first order of conservatism coefficient classes in unprotected area and no species were seen in the 4th class. The results showed no difference in species richness in the two land uses so in order to investigate the vegetation, the floristic quality index (FQI) was used. The value of (FQI) in protected area was more than unprotected. The results also showed that protected land use with the least human intervention has the most native species, tree crown canopy, biomass, the number of trees per hectare and herbaceous canopy cover.

Chainsaw is the main dangerous equipment in forest work which has great potential damage to felling crew. Management of the risks arising from working with a chainsaw depends on the assessment of its risks. There is still no suitable method for evaluating the risk of work with this device. Generally, the risks of working with chainsaw are presented without rating. This study was designed to rank the dangers of working with this device. For investigation of dangers related to chainsaw during tree felling Job safety analysis was used. During these phase, comment of chainsaw men, felling operation supervisors, harvesting experts, and Work safety specialists working in forestry plan in Caspian forest were used. Then, the risk assessment criteria were investigated by Delphi method with help of felling workers, forest watershed managers, forestry specialist, and university professors. Results were Conclusion by forest safety experts. Finally, the risk ranking was done using the Fuzzy Topsis method. Risk assessment criteria were obtained using the Delphi method. Ranking of hazards with Fuzzy Topsis was determined. The results of this study showed that the dangerous trees, butt log and chainsaw kickback are the most important risks of chainsaw operation. This study enhanced the ability of risk detection of felling operation with chainsaw and correct risk assessment criteria identification with ranking of felling hazards. The final analysis resulted in rating the dangers of working with this device that it can reduce the incidents caused by working with this device by compiling the appropriate safety instructions.