International Journal of Political Science
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Autumn 2016

The science of the word and theology considered as expertise in area of concern of Islam religion in which it discusses about religious principle, approach and worldview based on rational and narrative reasoning and answer to doubts that pose in this area; in Christianity and in general through all monotheism religions, it could be possible to use this method for religious reasoning, it could be say that science word and in particular, word of Christianity has been generated in confronting with spiteful people, enemies and Sophist in area of religion, by administrators of religion (Priest and ministers and etc….); questions such as, prove of God existence, original sin, matter of descending, rule of grace, return that will be discussed in this theoretical course. Researchers in science of word has been known as petitioner, in Christian works, it could be mentioned that the most reputable and highlighted petitioners are holy Augustin, Aquinas, Luther and Calvin. Present research has been conducted using library and text oriented hermeneutic and time limitations impacted to this method. In Augustin’s interpretation, it could be observed that, the human after descending stage, in which natural desires of human plays role as main leader of individuals and the only grace could survive human from falling through a slope he is falling from, but in contrast in Aquinas interpretation, after descending of human, his wisdom has been remained as his leader and could lead him to his final destiny, that is generation a regular society to reach salvation.

Although Motahari is not a political thinker but analyzing his political ideas and believes amongst the ideas of Iranian political thinkers in the last 5 decades is indeed essential because Motahari’s political standpoint has a key role in Islamic revolution of Iran. This paper regards Motahari''s vision to his time and studies his writings according to the questions he faced and posed in his time. The first class of questions was mainly set around his opposition with Marxism and Marxism-centrism of his age with few references to the rejection of science-centrism. The second class included the "decadence of the Muslims" and Motahari''s views about that. This paper ends with a focus on reason-based vs. discourse-based and theological vs. philosophical methods and their relevance to Motahari''s self-raised method for answering the above-mentioned issues.   

The geopolitics, geostrategic and geo-economics position of the Persian Gulf causes this region to be the subject of attention of the ultra-regional powers. This subject became more important by the invention of fire weapons after Renaissance and the promotion of the colonic view in Europe. Spanish and British men besides the Portuguese that is America, Russia, china and European union all have tried to pursue their benefits in this region so that its due to their benefits and situation so, by direct military the subject of attention of the ultra-region powers.  This subject turns Persian Gulf to an unstable region ready for increasing the crisis. One of these crises is Iranian nuclear crisis and the position of international sanctions against Iran. These sanctions are most advantageous for the regional rivals and most disadvantageous for the benefits of Iranian Islamic Republic. By concluding the nuclear negotiations between Iran and the west, those countries which were supported the superpowers opposition with Iran by the illusion of creating a tradeoff which drive there into the margin, employed some polices by the former conditions, one of them is to buy military weapons by the aforementioned conditions to create a balance in power with Islamic Republic of Iran. In this paper, we investigate the relations of Iran with the countries in this region and ultra-regional countries and the approval of BARJAM (The acronym of the comprehensive program of cooperative act between Iran and the countries named 5+1 to review the military policies in the Persian Gulf region.   

The armed forces and the army are main elements of national power. Military readiness gives real significance to the geography, natural resources, and industrial power. Military elements of national power include military purposes, military doctrines, military strategies and policies (defensive and non-defensive), forces, training, command, military technology, weapons and equipment, military organization, military budget, military stations, troop movements, and logistics facilities. Nevertheless, understanding the various elements of national power, especially military aspect, helps the analysis and evaluation of its use. The main question outlined here is as follows: How are armed forces in Persian Gulf countries? To respond the question, we investigated regional armed forces based on organizational structure, HR, strategic equipment, training, command, strategy, and budget.

One of the common features of Persian Gulf countries is the same historical destiny, which comes from colonization, religion, tradition and the common culture, which have influenced the political structures of these countries. To this end, in the recent decades, lack of democracy in this region is highly considered by the thinkers. With development of international communications, some of these countries felt the need of a change in order to save their governments and started some reforms in their structures yet these reforms were not deep and strong and had no acceptable results. Therefore, the thinkers believe that a western democracy appearance in this region is impossible because of the cultural, economical and political context. In addition, with the appearance of globalization and development of communication, virtual press and satellites and the change of Middle Eastern people’s view about lifestyle; the new tendencies forced some of these countries make policies for liberty of internet and others against it and starting the filtering. It seems that this increases the gaps between governments and people in this region. Therefore, this research studies the barriers of having democracy in this region with a descriptive-analytical method.

It seems easy to accept that rationality involves many features that cannot be summarized in terms of some straightforward formula, such as binary consistency.  However, this recognition does not immediately lead to alternative characterizations that might be regarded as satisfactory, even though the inadequacies of the traditional assumptions of rational behavior standard used in economic theory have become hard to deny.  It will not be an easy task to find replacements for the standard assumptions of rational behavior. That can be found in the traditional economic literature, both because the identified deficiencies have been seen as calling for rather divergent remedies, and also because there is little hope of finding an alternative assumption structure that will be as simple and usable as the traditional assumptions of self-interest maximization, or of consistency of choice.