نشریه پژوهش های انسان شناسی ایران
سال هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، پاییز و زمستان 1396)

The main aim of this paper is to explain the importance of narrative texts, and oral history collections for analyzing Iran economic history. Emphasizing oral narratives on economic subjects indicates that to what extent these narratives might clarify some vague economic issues in Iranian economic history. The narratives of industrialists, traders, technocrats and entrepreneurs on economic events could shed light not only on new issues for further research but also these new narratives opened up the analysis of issues that closed their case. In addition, since description and analysis in economic history could use other disciplines such as social and political history in order to explain narratives of other collections, this, in return, might enrich the analysis of narratives. The paper is also probed to explain the characteristics and role of Iranian family capitalism using oral narratives of industrialists, traders, technocrats and entrepreneurs. Their narratives indicated that family firms have moved safely to the second generation because of keeping family ties more than finding ways to expand economic and maximizing activities and trusting family members more than non-members. Based on some oral narratives, the paper attempts to show how charitable actions and social responsibility in these family firms expanded along with their beneficial activities.

Population increase, lack of land and styles of new architecture led architects to design residential complexes. In Iran, designing residential neighborhoods for different strata of society began since the second Pahlavi. The relationship between social and cultural foundations of people who are living in residential complexes and architecture is one of the most important issues which paying no attention to them, can lead to disrupting the activity of residents. The purpose of this research is surveying the role of socio-cultural groups in the formation of residential neighborhoods of the second Pahlavi in Tehran. According to sociologist theories, socio-cultural groups have always had a role in the formation of architecture and this research has investigated this matter by the historical- interpretive method. Research data sources are library studies. Sample residential neighborhoods are selected according to the socio-cultural class of residents who are worker (low), employee (medium) and affluent (high) and then they are evaluated. The results show government programs and low financial strength in house types of the low class have been caused to create simplicity in interior design and the quantity and quality of socio-cultural indicators of housing have been decreased. Designing duplex plan for medium and affluent classes have caused social distinctions. Also the quantity and quality of socio-cultural indicators of housing have increased in these types.

Analyzing the status of the human body in present epoch from Nancy Scheper Hughes (NSH) the medical anthropologist points of view is the main goal of this article. Since the mid 20th century and following the rapid growth of science and technology in the western world, the processes of globalization and also basic transformations in medicine have been making great influences on human body status. For example the consequences of body manipulation via new medical technologies, the process of medicalizing the lives and societies, alienation of human body from human , degrading of the statues of body via commodifying it as a whole or in parts in national and global markets , all have caused many objectional reactions from many social scientist in different disciplines especially in medical anthropology in which many scientists like NSH have had an active position against these issues. This is a documental study the data of which are in most parts gathered from NSHs field works with the focus on the problem of commodifying bodies in the global markets. One of the most important findings in the present study is the primacy of "the ethical" over "the social" and "the cultural" as a preassumption that philosophically supports NSHs approach to stand up as a political, ethical and militant anthropology in a vivid protest to the fallen status of human body in the late globalized capitalism era. Compared to the traditional approaches, critical militant anthropology does ask some important ethical questions about the main duty of anthropologists and ethnographers in the present epoch. Must they impartially continue writing their applied ordinary ethnographies more or less? Can they on the contrary to traditions make ethical decisions and guide their analyzing critical writings at the aim of helping change the present conditions?

This article follows the social and cultural factors influencing urban regeneration from a different point of view.The study has been performed with a qualitative and descriptive – analytic method. The sampling was the inhabitant of the old structure of the 12th region of Tehran and therefore it is a purposive and theoretical sampling and theoretical saturation has been considered for all the interviews. There have been 16 interviews overall using the grand theory, coding, and conceptualization. The results show that the dominance of economic motivations and gaining the benefit have been great factors of reducing social trust. This factor along with poverty and aging situation and being the immigrant-friendly of old urban structure and the lack of Institutionalization causes a low quality of life. The factors haven’t accelerated the process of urban renovation.

This paper aims to introduce some performative rituals in Iran and classify their types and symbolic acts, leading to the analysis of the common and shared structure of these rituals and their relationship with winter festivals and rituals common in Indo-European culture. Accordingly, Wooden Horse and Koseh Barneshin rituals, as a ritual with most shared features among Indo-European tribes is the main theme of this article. The questions this paper follows to answer are: what shared structure do the similarities of these rituals represent, and how is the comprehension of meaning, the function of parts and the symbolic elements of this structure possible?
The main guide and model of this research is Dumézil’s “.Le Probléme des Centaures” and Neo-Comparative Mythology. On this base, we have tried to analyze many acts and symbolic means shared among European tribes in the shared rituals based on their ideology; specifically, their relations to the ancestors’ spirits and deteriorating powers in winter. This study focuses on many common features of European and Indian rituals and festivals in the beginning and end of Winter. Actually, the goal of this paper is not just showing the relationship between many Iranian rituals with Indian and European tribes, it is but also an attempt to classify Iranian rituals based on shared structures in Indo-European culture and also understanding their meaning

The issues of "functions", "activities" and "physical planning" on the one hand, and creation of bold and extraordinary form from the other hand, has become the main problem of designing human environments in schools of architecture & professional spaces, so the question of the design process and the nature of it, regardless of the final product, the less is considered. With the adoption of this fact that design and creation of the human environment is a multidisciplinary, multilayer and complex problem, concerning about the past, present and future, based on the historical-cultural-socio-economic-political context of design, make a question of the nature of design, design process, its components, definition of good architecture, in a time that most path of design has been entrusted to the computers and artificial intelligence, is so important. In this research, which is conducted using qualitative discourse analysis, while answering the research questions, presented a model of the design process of the human environment, both in design process and creating product, and also use of the project and encountering to it, while responding to the physical needs of users, and even their psychological needs in terms of desirability responding to expectations, provide a field of conformity of the project with archetypes, myths, and imagination of users and take effective steps in creating a favorable environment. Results show that criteria for the diagnosis of design problem include five aspects: 1. Value (meaning): respect to social values, 2. Creating new values: based on social values form imagination world, 3. Passing through the design process up to the last step in the direction of the mentioned values, 4. Public participation in the design process: engaging the community and the world of dreams and their memories in the design process and to design a new phenomenon, 5. To maintain quality over time to fully implement the project.

In contemporary times, reading a conversation is one of the approaches to studying in a drawing. The center of attention is all the affairs of human life, and it is one of the topics that have been critically studied and critiqued. The presence of human beings in artistic works has been an artistic subject in all periods. The study of man and the role of man in opposition to the aesthetic discourse at the turn of the twentieth century is based on the views of Mikhail Bakhtin. He has put his study method on the basis of man, himself and the other and our dialogue between them. The purpose of this study was to study the dialogue and study the intellectual context of dialogue in Bakhtin's votes as a theoretical and theoretical framework in conjunction with Fathali Shah Qajar paintings. The present research hypothesizes the development of meanings and the place of dialogue in relation to the art of Qajar painting. In the search for this issue, firstly, in the theoretical field with the votes of Bakhtin, the study of dialogue and the position of monologue and multi-voiced, has been examined. Based on this, its position in Qajar painting is analyzed with a case study of a painting by Fath Ali Shah Qajar. The content of this research is qualitative and based on descriptive-analytic methodology and the method of collecting library information. The results of the findings indicate that dialogism exists in the art of Qajar painting and is actively and dynamically active in interaction with the audience in a monochrome and multi-voice manner.