مجله علوم پزشکی رازی
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 9 (پیاپی 174، آذر 1397)

Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) is very valuable due to their applications in cancer treatment, unique thermal, optical and electronic properties. In this study, green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was performed using Allium jesdianum extract. The green synthesis is a successful process that is environment friendly and low-cost as well. In this study, the extract of Allium jesdianum was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent for biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The reaction was carried out by adding the extract to 0.1 mol zinc nitrate solution with increasing temperature to 75° C for 2 hours. Changing the color from brown to yellow indicates the production of nano zinc oxide particles. The formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by monitoring the sharp absorption peak at 375 nm. The size and morphology of these nanoparticles were determined by scanning electron microscopy. These particles have polyhedral shapes with round edges. DLS and AFM analysis reveals that the green synthetized ZnO NPs are in the range 14-60 nm. In this research, NPs obtained from the green synthesis method were useful and coated peripherally with potent secondary metabolite.

Hemodialysis is the sole way for management of patients with End Stage Renal Disorders (ESRD). Nowadays, inserting arteriovenous fistula is one of the most common methods for effective hemodialysis. Several factors have been reported for failure of arteriovenous fistulas such as diabetes, biochemical factors, low hemoglobin and increased level of blood calcium and phosphorus. Decision tree regression modeling is more useful among clinical studies. Tree regression modeling was used for present study for assessment of causes of failure in arteriovenous fistula among hemodialysis patients who referred to Hasheminejad Kidney Center. The material of this historical Cohort study was gathered from records of hemodialysis patients with active and failed arteriovenous fistulas. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression analysis was performed and tree regression model created. There is significant association between arteriovenous fistula success and diabetes, hypertension among hemodialysis patients (p<0.001). Although we found significant association between serum level of hemoglobin and arteriovenous fistula outcome in bivariate analysis, but regression analysis showed only age, diabetes and hypertension could be looked upon as independent predictors of arteriovenous fistula success. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus have significant roles in the outcome of AVF failure. Regarding the effect of “age” variable, we recommend further studies about AVF maturation, based on different age groups of hemodialysis patientsthe learning environment in order to increase students' motivation and they can achieve the success.

Considering the abundance of lead in ecosystems, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of broccoli on lead acetate oxidative stress in kidney of mice. In this study, 40 albino mice with 30±5 g weight were divided in 4 groups. Control group received 500 ppm lead in running water while mice in T2, T3 and T4 groups, in addition to 500 ppm lead acetate in running water, received intraperitonealy 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic of broccoli extract, respectively. Blood samples were taken from the animals. After being euthanized the right kidney was fixed in 10% formalin buffer for pathological studies and Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured in the left kidney. A significant total weight and kidney weight increase was observed in control group. The concentration of MDA in control, T1, T2 and T3 groups were measured as 34.67±2.56, 27.98±3.056, 16.86±4.654 and 12.06±6.765 µmol/ml, respectively. A significant difference was observed between control and T2 and T3 groups. The highest concentration of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) was observed in T3 group with 1034±223.121 and the least concentration was in control group 709.70± 35.34 µmol/ml respectively, which showed a significant difference between the control group and T1, T2 and T3 groups. In the histopathologic studies, the highest damage rated 7 was seen in the control group and the lowest was observed in T3 group. According to the results, it can be concluded that broccoli hydroalcoholic extract at 300 mg/kg dose controls the effects of lead acetate oxidative stress in kidney of mice.

There is clear evidence to support the importance of regular physical activity and the use of antioxidants in the prevention or control of cardiovascular diseases, especially those that cause cardiac apoptosis. Our aim in this study was to determine the simultaneous effect of six weeks forced swimming and Crocin supplementation on the expression of 3 cardiomyocyte gene caspase in male rats infected with hydrogen peroxide. 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of sham injections (saline), hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide and Crocin, hydrogen peroxide and forced swimming, hydrogen peroxide and forced swimming and Crocin, control group. The forced swimming protocol was held in two stages in training and exercises. For induction, H2O2 was given as sub peritoneal injection for 3 weeks once every other day and 30 minutes before the exercise. Crocin was injected in the peritoneum. Real Time PCR was used to express the Caspase 3 gene. To confirm the incidence of apoptosis, tissue samples were assessed by Tannel method. Statistical analysis was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for natural distribution. Then, the variance (Levin test) and Perth data were analyzed. Finally, one-way ANOVA was used to test the statistical hypotheses and the Scheffe post hoc test was used. Hydrogen peroxide induction was associated with a significant increase in expression of Caspase 3 gene expression and six weeks of forced swimming resulted in a significant decrease in Caspase 3 gene expression in rats' myocardial tissue, as well as interaction of six weeks of forced swimming and induction of Crocin, Caspase 3, which is completely visible in the results of the Tannal. Regular forced swimming as well as Crocin consumption separately led to a significant reduction in gene expression. Caspase 3 was found in the rat's myocardium tissue. On the other hand, the combination of training and Crocin had a synergistic effect on inhibiting Caspase 3 gene expression in hydrogen peroxide poisoned rats.

Endometriosis is one of the prevalent chronic diseases in women that causes infertility and other problems. Since severity of this disease is expressed in ordinal scale, the aim of this study is to analyze risk factors and progress of the disease by ordinal logistic regression and cumulative logit model. In this cross-sectional study, we studied infertile women that referred to two infertility clinics. Based on laparoscopy results, the severity of endometriosis was divided into three levels, control (without disease), mild disease (stages I and II of the disease) and severe disease (stages III and IV of the disease), and cumulative logit model was used to study risk factors related to endometriosis. Proportional odds for each significant variable, test of parallel lines and Area Under Curve (AUC) were found. Significance level was set at 0.05 and the analysis was done by R 3.4.0 Cumulative logit model showed that family history, Body Mass Index (BMI), age, dyspareunia, contraceptive use, duration of menstrual pattern, amount of menstrual bleeding, and pelvic pain were significant. Among these factors, the effects of family history, pelvic pain, dyspareunia and amount of menstrual bleeding were noticeable. The AUC was 0.79 which showed predictive power of the model. Any type of endometriosis could be predicted using ordinal regression model better than logistic regression. This model has more application and better interpretation and besides incidenc, shows progress of the diseases.

In recent years the growing trend of colon cancer has revealed that we need some safe and new methods to detect and control this disease. Data mining is one of these methods, one of its most important applications is the discovery of hidden patterns between data in a large database. In this study, we explore and discover unknown patterns in a real colon cancer data set. In this study, the information of 400 colorectal cancer patients, with 42 cfeature has been studied.This information was collected through the Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, between 2008 and 2016. After performing the data set preprocessing, the hidden relationships between the features of this data are discovered through the Fp-Growth algorithm. Ater using this algorithm and discovering the relationship between some of the features, some rules have been developed. Based on the suggestion of the specialist and the importance of the features, the rules have been studied in seven groups. The results of the review of the laws indicate that the pathologic stage and the age of the patient had a significant effect on the survival rate of the patients.
Also, the percentage of men and women with rectal cancer is greater than that of the clone, and the sex does not affect the survival of the patient.
Other findings from the review of this data can be the lack of a meaningful relationship between the patient's pathologic stage and the demographic information.

Considering the effect of thyroid hormone on cancer cells, as well as the development of hormonal therapies for cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cytotoxic thyroid hormones T4 on proliferation of brain glioblastoma cells (U87) in cell culture. In this laboratory experimental study, U87 cells were randomly divided into control group and groups exposed to doses 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 50 Lambda (λ) of thyroid hormones T4. The toxic effect of hormones was measured using MTT assay method. The data were statistically analyzed between groups using ANOVA and SPSS. The results show that the survival of U87 cells at doses of 0.5 λ of thyroid hormone T4 at 3 times of 24, 48 and 72 hours compared with other groups in different doses had the least toxic effect. Also survival of cells at 5 λ dose of thyroid hormone T4 at 24, 48 and 72 hours compared to other groups had the highest toxicity. Toxicity of glioblastoma cells is not dependent on thyroid hormone (T4), and results of this study showed that thyroid hormone does not affect U87 glioblastoma cells.

Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder, which its main feature is the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. In this disease, apoptosis is impaired in endometrial cells transmitted to the peritoneal cavity, and thus these cells remain in ectopic sites and grow there. FasL-expressing cells induce apoptosis when they bind to Fas-bearing immune cells. Soluble Fas ligand can be proteolytically cleaved from membrane-bound Fas ligand by metalloproteinases. Studies show that both soluble and membranous form of FasL in peritoneal cavity of endometriotic women can induce apoptosis of Fas bearing immune cells. Therefore, in this study the serum and peritoneal fluid levels of sFasL in patients with endometriosis compared with non-endometriotic subjects were evaluated. In this case-control study, which was performed from 2016 to 2017, peritoneal cavity of 19 patients with endometriosis and 19 healthy subjects, and also serum of 16 patients with endometriosis and 12 healthy subjects were studied. ELISA were used to determine the sFasL. The results of this study showed that the amount of sFasL in peritoneal cavity of endometriosis patients is higher than healthy group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.07). Also, the serum sFasL level of patients was not different from control group. Expression of high sFasL in the peritoneal fluid can be one of the factors involved in the removal of Fas-expressing immune cells in the peritoneal fluid, which plays an essential role in the progression of the disease.

Motor proficiency plays an important role in mobility. But various factors have effect on the motor proficiency. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of body mass index, and age on motor proficiency in children, adolescents, and adults. This research is descriptive type causal comparative study. 360 boys from Tehran (120 people for each age group) were selected by targeted clustering method. The motor proficiency was evaluated by the Bruninx-Oseretsky test, whose validity and reliability were appropriate for this sample study. Body mass index was calculated using the weight and height formula and categorized using international body mass index charts. The statistical test of LSD was used to examine the difference between groups at a significant level (p<0.05). The results showed that age does not effect motor proficiency; but body mass index effects motor proficiency. Thus skinny and obese children are less skilled than normal and overweight children, as well as overweight and obese adolescents and adults are less skilled than normal and lean adolescents and adults. The effect of body mass index on motor proficiency varies in different age groups. According to the results of this research, educators and specialists must identify and treat vulnerable groups at different ages in proportion to body mass index.

The percentage of elderly people is growing in our country. Aging is associated with multiple diseases, disabilities and heavy medical expenses. The new multi-functionalProtein, Klotho, not only reduces the aging process but also affects several diseases associated with older ages.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplements on the plasma levels of klotho in the elderly. This study was conducted in a randomized clinical trial in 81 elderly, with insufficient vitamin D plasma levels (10-30 ng/ml) for 12 weeks.Individuals randomly divided into two groups of vitamin D supplements (50000 IU) and placebo once a week. Vitamin D was measured by chemiluminescence method and klotho by ELISA. Data was analyzed by SPSS (version 22) software at meaningful level of P <0.05. 25(OH)D levels were increased and decreased significantly in vitamin D and placebo group respectively (p<0.001 & p<0.001 respectively), and its changes between the two groups was significantly different at the end of the intervention (p<0.001). The mean klotho protein levels and its changes after the intervention were significantly different between the two groups (p=0.014 & p<0.001 respectively). The mean klotho protein levels in the vitamin D group was not change significantly (p=0.164). The findings of this study showed, weekly intake of 50,000 IU vitamin D for 12 weeks in elderly peoplewith insufficient vitamin D levels, caused significant difference in klotho protein and vitamin D changes between the two groups, and also vitamin D levels in vitamin D group was increased significantly at the end of the intervention.