مجله راهبرد سیاسی
پیاپی 2 (پاییز 1396)

The Wave of revolutionary uprisings in the Arabic countries in the Middle East led to overthrow of governments in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen from one side and providing civil war in Syria from another side. At this time Russia fellow status quo approach in regard to security, political and economic priorities and based its strategy on supporting legitimate government of Damascus. This strategy provided conflict or extensive cooperation with some regional actors. This article will express the importance of expanding Russia's presence in the Middle East, especially after the revolutionary uprisings on the basis of Descriptive - analytic method and "offensive realism" theory. Results show that Russia's policy based on preventing the spreading uprisings into Eurasia, as well as play a greater role in international equations for vacuum left by the United States presence in the region and this policy shows reasons for divergence' and convergence' Russia with some regional actors

Yemen since the beginning of formation, internal and regional crises that we can continue to have wars between North and South Yemen in 1994, as well as military aggression and oppression of Shiites in 1962 Gamal Abdel Nasser pointed out. Since Yemen in southern Arabia, Oman West, East, Red Sea and Gulf of Aden is located in the north. The importance of the strategic Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb they have doubled and the country has mastered the lifeblood of the countries of the Horn of Africa, especially Egypt and Saudi Arabia is the transfer of energy. Yemen has long been among the Shia and Sunni religious tendencies that have already Yemenis are Sunni Shafi'i and Zaidi Shia. In this descriptive-analytic method seeks to answer the main questions are: What is the root of the crisis in Yemen is affected by factors that led to broaden the scope of the crisis? It seems geopolitical Yemen, and total chaos within the scope of the crisis Anonymous has expanded internationally.

According to the international and domestic contexts of political regimes that underwent a serious threat to their sovereignty over the recent Middle East developments, each of these countries went a different way. here, the Syrian crisis was swept into a widespread civil war, which has not yet been a successful peaceful solution. According to the authors of the paper, such a situation, the continuing bloody conflict between the rebels and the Syrian government, is to American strategists, in order to control two serious hostile atrocities against the security of the United States and Israel - the Salafist groups and the Asad regime-therefore it seem Such a situation would continue to weaken the two groups, especially radical Islamists. Due to the similarities between the situation in the Syrian crisis and the Iran-Iraq war, both in terms of erosional war and the common hostility of the Asad regime and the Salafist fundamentalists to the US interests in the region, the theoretical framework for this paper will be the balance of weakness strategy That the Reagan administration had been in front of Iran and Iraq in the years of the war between the two countries. This strategy was used to weaken the two countries of Iran and Iraq as regimes that could have threatened US interests in the region.

Given the growing importance and effective role of public diplomacy in international politics, countries are trying to use this tool to advance their political interests, and for this purpose, in areas such as soft power, digital diplomacy, diplomacy, intelligence, and ... to strengthen. Their public diplomacy is investing. This article first examines Russian diplomacy and its strengths and weaknesses in various fields, and the extent to which they succeed and fail in various fields of diplomacy, and shows how Russia is trying to make use of its advantages in the world of public diplomacy. The public diplomacy of the Russian Federation has been discussed in various fields in different fields such as language, culture, civilization, second language knowledge and historical background and ... in Central Asia, and the strengths and weaknesses of each of them have been investigated in every field. In this regard, this article seeks to answer this question, what is the most important aspects of Russian diplomacy in Central Asia between 2000 and 2016? Accordingly, the hypothesis of this article states that Russia emphasizes the cultural and civilian background with Central Asia to advance its public diplomacy in this region. The research method is based on descriptive-analytic research strategy.

The principles of international law governing the abandonment of trade relations Considering the increasing dependence of countries on the economy and the importance of the relationship between countries for regulators of the United Nations Charter, economic sanctions are considered as a weapon to force states to comply with the provisions of this Charter. And the conditions for resorting to it are specified in Chapter 7 of the Charter. In recent years, the Islamic Republic of Iran has been subject to severe economic sanctions for its peaceful nuclear activities. Certainly, given that the acquisition of peaceful nuclear power on the basis of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is a prerogative of the countries, in effect, the pressure imposed by the sanctions states, not for the purposes defined in the United Nations Charter, But more so because of political and antipathy. Because the International Atomic Energy Agency has granted the right to peaceful enrichment of uranium to all countries. Therefore, the main question is how is the position of economic sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran in a nuclear position in terms of international law? Economic sanctions are used as weapons by the West and the Security Council under the control of Western countries against independent states or against Western policies, including the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Security is one of the main concerns of the countries of the Middle East. Considering the importance of security in the structure of the international system, the Middle East region should be considered as one of the areas where security approaches are of considerable importance. Many of the security threats are rooted in the region. The regional countries are threatening these threats, and on the other hand, due to geopolitical characteristics and oil rich resources in the Middle East, regional powers have a significant and effective role to play in security threats. One of the contributors to this study is the development of the theory of the Bozan regional security suite that the Middle East is one of the areas where this theory applies. Neighborhood, common identity, similarities and conflicts, economic needs and cultural and ethnic ties are among the variables of the regional security suite. Establishing regional security requires a constructive partnership based on trust building. Hence, the security strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran will be possible in order to achieve security within the framework of constructive engagement with the countries of the region, which will require a threat and a non-security of Iran's security strategy. The region will crystallize.