Epidemiology and Health System Journal
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Winter 2019

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) success rate is an important issue for allhealthcare facilities. In the present study, success rate and related factors were assessed in a hospitalin Iran. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2017. By using the conveniencesampling, 156 patients were selected. Variables based on the In-Hospital Utstein-Style were used,which included 3 categories: patients, cardiac arrest and follow-up. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22. Of 156 participants, 92 were male and the average age was 61.4±5.5 years. Most cardiacarrest occurred in night shift (43.6%). The most common cause of cardiac arrest was cancer (33%). Of156 patients, 102 died. Results showed a significant correlation between success rate, a patient’s sex,rhythm type and medication administered during resuscitation (P < 0.001). Success rate in our study was low in comparison to previous studies. Further attentionshould be paid to this issue.

the present research aimed to study the relationship between the consumption of fast foods with perceived stress level among female students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. The present research was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study which was conducted on female students of different faculties and majors in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2016-2017. Out of the study population, 152 students were selected as the sample using random cluster sampling method. The required data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire , a standard 14-item scale for the measurement of perceived stress level, and a checklist to record the number of fast foods consumption (daily, weekly, and monthly). Finally, the data were statistically analyzed using descriptive and analytic tests in SPSS-18. Participation in the study was voluntary. The results showed that 45.4% of students participated in this study aged 18-20, 16.4% of them were studying in General Hygiene, and 85.8% were a B.S. student. The mean score of perceived stress and fast foods consumption was 51.36±13.52 and 12.42±5.42, respectively. The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between age and perceived stress and also between mother’s educational attainment and perceived stress Considering the relationship between perceived stress and fast foods consumption in university students, it is necessary to apply effective patterns and theories of health education and promotion and also to pay attention to interpersonal and environmental factors in order to reduce stress and encourage healthy diets eating habits.

Health literacy (HL) can affect individual health, health communication anderror in taking medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the level of HL and associated factorsamong Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional study, 240 participants over 18 years of age referring to health centersin Hamadan, west of Iran in 2015 were selected by multistage random sampling. HL was assessedby the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA). The questionnaire was completed by atrained interviewer. The independent variables were structural and intermediate social factors basedon the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH). Data were analyzed by using IBM SPSSversion 22. Average age of the participants was 30.88 ±7.38 years and 75.4% of the them were female. Thetotal score of HL was 64.58 ±16.71 (range: 23.82-98.98). Overall, 31.7% (n = 76) of the participantshad adequate HL level, 32.5% (n = 78) had borderline HL level and 35.8% (n = 86) had inadequateHL level. Additionally, participants with higher educational levels had higher HL scores than thosewith lower educational levels (P < 0.001). HL score was significantly higher in males than in females(P = 0.017). HL level seems to be inadequate among Iranian adults in the west of Iran. Moreover,enhancing social determinants such as educational level seems to increase HL. The results highlightedthe necessity for change and improvement in adults’ HL.

Despite substantial advances in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD),the environmental risk factors have not yet been well understood. The present study investigated theassociation between ASD, and maternal and perinatal risk factors. This matched, case-control study was conducted in Hamadan, the west of Iran, fromNovember 2015 to May 2016. We enrolled 41 children with ASD aged 3-17 years. We selected fourcontrols per one case from the same hospital where patients were born. Controls were separatelymatched with cases for sex, age, and birth year. We compared 41 ASD cases with 164 controls. After adjusting the odds ratio (95% CI),ASD was significantly associated with third-degree relatives consanguinity [3.29 (1.39, 7.75)], shortbirth length [4.99 (1.15, 21.60)], short head circumference [7.87 (1.48, 41.76), respiratory distresssyndrome at birth 3.97 (1.91, 8.22)], respiratory assistance at birth [2.92 (1.39, 6.10)], birth hypoxia[2.85 (1.35, 5.99)], and low 1-minute Apgar score [3.65 (1.04, 12.75)]. Our findings suggest that ASD may be associated with multiple maternal and perinatalrisk factors. Evidence based on large prospective multicenter cohort studies is required to indicate theimpacts of maternal and perinatal exposures.

World’s older population is growing, and attention is being directed to theimprovement of their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This article was conducted to investigatethe HRQoL and associated factors in rural elderly residents in west of Iran. By using the multistage sampling method, 346 elders from rural areas of Shahindezh wereenrolled in this population-based, cross-sectional study conducted in 2014. To assess the HRQoLof the elderly people, the Leiden-Padua (LEIPAD) questionnaire was used. The economic statuswas classified into 3 categories (good, moderate, and low) using the principal component analysis.Descriptive statistics, independent t test, ANOVA, and Spearman correlation coefficient were used toanalyze data. Multivariate linear regression was performed to determine predictive factors. The mean values and confidence intervals of total core scale and total moderator scale were38.6 (36.7-40.6) and 31.2 (29.6-32.6), respectively. Univariate analysis showed age, marital status,economic status, occupation, income source, and ethnicity were associated with HRQoL (P < 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed the married, the illiterate, widows/widowers and the divorced, peoplewith low economic status, and the self-employed had low HRQoL with respect to total scale and totalcore scale models (P < 0.05). HRQoL varies according to socioeconomic factors. Its determinants should be addressedin social and health policies designed to improve the health of older people, especially the mostvulnerable groups.

Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder, and students are morepredisposed to depression than other populations. This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate themean depression score in Iranian students based on DASS-21. The search was carried out using keywords Depression, Student, DASS-21 and Iran indomestic databases, including SID, Medlib, IranMedex, Irandoc, and Magiran. Data were analyzedusing a meta-analysis (random effects model). The heterogeneity of studies was studied using theI2 index. Data were analyzed using the Stata software version 11. DASS-21 had been used in allreviewed studies. The sample size was 3229 people included in 17 studies. The mean depression score inIranian students based on DASS-21 was 9.30 (95% CI: 12.57-6.03), 8.90 in female students (95% CI:4.50-13.29) and 8.45 in male students (95% CI: 4.03-12.86). The mean scores of anxiety and stress instudents were 8.58 (95% CI: 5.95-12.86) and 9.91 (95% CI: 11.28-8.54), respectively. The mean depression score is higher in female students than in male students, and themean score of stress is slightly higher than those of anxiety and depression.