نشریه مطالعات اسلامی زنان و خانواده
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 6، بهار و تابستان 1396)

Changes in women’s mentality, atude, and acon in recent years have revealed a kind of identy crisis among this group of society. This is the crisis that comes forth with the increasing expansion of the targeted acvies of compeng organizaons along with the growing confrontaon between tradion and modernity that consequently has summoned intellectuals, elites, and parcularly, religious preachers into a challenge. Obviously, in such a condion, the presence of female preachers aware of the necessies of their me, can be regarded as one of the crical demands of the society. Hence, based on this necessity, by employing the method of foundaonal data theorizing as well as relying on a focused group interview accompanied by using "transional" approach and focusing on “exchange and recepon of meaning”, the present arcle, seeks to draw up a framework for “desirable female preaching models, observing top disnguished preaching cases” in communicaon. The result of the research suggests that women, because of their specific existenal aributes and due to the centrality of ascendency of emoons in the issue of preaching, have a special potenal for preaching in the framework of methods based on the exchange and recepon of meaning. Furthermore, desirable preaching models can be defined according to various situaons in which the preacher is acng. In this regard, ten preaching cases were idenfied related to five variables of “distance of communicaon”, “communicaon validity”, “communicaon approach”, “communicaon method”, and “communicaon environment”. Accordingly, in each case, the priority of the presence of female preachers and the proporonality of each case with methods based on transformaonal approach, and the exchange and recepon of meaning approach in preaching were explained.

The United Naons’ reports in 2011 revealed that the rate of ferlity – one of the main challenges of the modern era- has considerably reduced to about half throughout the world. The objecve of this study is to analyze, explain, and interpret childbearing based on maternal experience. Related data was collected through in-depth interviews with 35 mothers that were specified by employing snowball method. The research method is based on fundamental theory and the data is analyzed by using axial coding. Data analysis disclosed that modernism can be considered as an influenal factor upon women’s atude. Having a modern life style, having control over body, spending leisure me, feeling insecure and uncertain as important elements and components of modernism are obviously prevalent in women’s experience regarding the issue of ferlity. In terms of atude, the majority of females regarded childbearing as a personal decision. Hence, each woman should decide about childbearing based on her condion. In terms of strategy, they believed that social support can play a significant role in encouraging and movang them toward ferlity.

Prophet Muhammad’s (P.B.U) polygyny is regarded as one of the most important issues that has drawn the aenon of Muslim scholars and orientalists, nevertheless many doubts have been raised about it. Since the enemies of Islam, in the present century, for undermining popularity of the holy prophet (P.B.U) harshly cricized the issue of his polygyny; therefore, explaining the wisdom beyond his polygyny and replying to the discussed doubts are of parcular importance and necessity. The main objecve of this study is to efface the immaculate existence of the holy prophet (P.B.U) from malicious denunciaons of disbelievers and to explain the wisdom beyond his polygyny accompanied by the serious responsibility of his prophec mission and government. The discussion focusses on a ten- year- presence of the holy prophet (P.B.U) in Medina and employs historical, narrave, interpreve, and translated sources. The finding of the research indicates that the Messenger of Allah, who had spent all his youth with one spouse (Hazrat Khadije), proceeded with polygyny aer his emigraon to Medina according to the expediency and necessity of his me. All the wives of the Prophet (P.B.U) in Medina, except one, were widows, some of whom had several children. Issues such as taking the custody of the orphans, providing the abolion of the law prohibing marriage with the step-son’s wife, preparing the context for the tribal orientaon toward Islam, and bestowing reverence to the women, can be considered as the wisdom beyond his polygyny. On the other hand, the exclusive rules regarding prophet’s marriage, which were based on the fact that he was allowed to have more than four wives, prepared the context for his polygyny.

From a neurobiological point of view, persistent sexual smulaon is recognized as a stressor which in the absence of an appropriate response - not sasfying the libido in a right way- disrupts the balance of both sexual hormones and stress hormones. Consequently, it leads to some adverse outcomes, including mental stress, sexual deviaons and disorders, premature puberty and the trauma caused by it, as well as damage to the brain. Therefore, in order to maintain mental health and to maintain stress and sexual hormones balanced, adherence to the culture of chasty and hijab is necessary. From the perspecve of neurobiology, Hijab and chasty have two aspects: the first one is to protect the individuals from encountering to inputs of sexual smulaon. Moreover, refraining from exposing others to sexual smulaon is considered as the second aspect. Based on feminine and masculine mental structure of the brain, especially in the hypothalamus, men in comparison to women have greater sexual gland acvies, so in terms of prevenng sexual smulaon it seems that role of female is more important. On the other hand, regarding the control of inputs of sexual smulaon the role of male is very significant. Accordingly, the male also demonstrate stronger responses to sexual smulaon due to the larger size of their amygdala in the brain. Hence, regarding male’s higher level of excitability it can be said that if male and female are exposed to the equal sexual smulang inputs, the former ones are expected to exhibit more emoonal responses and display lower emoonal control. For this reason, although eroc provocaon represented by the male can be detrimental to other women and men, eroc provocaon represented by female has a more severe effect on the male. This highlights the importance of females’ appropriate and modest clothing as well as their chastely behavior. Men should also control their sensual intakes by adhering to chasty and avoiding provocave gazes in order to prevent the disclosure of the detrimental outcomes of sexual stress.

The culvaon of moral identy has a special place in the life style derived from Islamic values, since by the formaon of moral identy the highest degree of moral integrity in the individual and the parcular way of observing one’s self will be obtained. Researchers believe that what makes fidelity towards ethical behavior more facile is the formaon of moral identy, so that moral values are regarded as the core of the individual's personality. The aim of this study is to invesgate the applied strategies and techniques for developing the moral identy of adolescents in the Islamic life style. The research method is descripve-analyc and in order to achieve the necessary data, the hadith texts related to the subject of research are collected from sources and analyzed by qualitave method. The research findings are as follows; A) Moral identy, in life style, has four dimensions: individual, social, natural and divine; B) for the development of moral identy in adolescents regarding individual dimension in Islamic life style, we can use strategies such as caring about cognive development and connuous moral assessment, aenon to human emoons, such as maintaining human dignity and establishing empathic and commied social es. Moreover, in the environmental dimension, there are fourteen strategies considering the importance of the family, such as parental discipline, creang opportunity and movaon, deepening religiosity, and so on.

Analyzing and recognizing the components of lifestyle are regarded as important steps in explaining the process of socio-cultural development. Due to the complexity of young women's interacons as well as the existence of some hidden dimensions relevant to this issue especially in the cultural space of our society, their life style needs to be invesgated. Relying on the case study of analyzing girls' profile in social networks, this paper seeks to idenfy the vital components of the outer appearance of girls' lifestyle in this emerging space ; therefore, girls' profile in social networks were analyzed by using the method of content analysis. The research findings indicate that, considering the different ways of represenng chasty and love of beauty in girls' interacons while selecng a profile a six-fold style is detectable. This can be categorized in the form of two general themes of "chassed representaon" and "gender representaon”. Consequently, these issues reveal the existence of polarity in the cultural context of our society.