نشریه مطالعات تاریخ انتظامی
پیاپی 20 (بهار 1398)

The boundaries and frontiers as one of the main pillars of governments during various periods caused problems such as long lasting wars. The range of the boundary conflicts also extended to Qajar period. Coming to the power of Fathalishah and assigning M.Ali.Mirza Dolatshah as the ruler of Kermanshahan , the country witnessed the excessive conflicts between Iran and Ottoman and their continuous battles in the west and southern west parts during 1221/1236_1237 AH/1812/1820_1821 M. M.Ali.Mirza as a competent and tactful ruler could stabilize the position of central government in west and southern _west regions by his victories. The present research seeks to answer the question: what did M.Ali.Mirza do to stabilize the west and south _west boundaries of Iran? The research findings showed that M.Ali.Mirza with his expansionist efforts against Bagdad's influence and keeping his power in west regions could maintain the boundaries and if he didn't die soon,maybe Bagdad came under the protection of Iran. In this research the military efforts by M.Ali.Mirza in the conflicts with Ottoman have been studied in a descriptive _analytical method

From the third century,due to the political and military events inside and outside the territory of Abbassi succession,it gradually lost it's power and consistency and for the first time the grounds were provided to form folk movements against Caliphate. One of the early libertarian and justice _seeking movements was Safarian which emerged from the heart of one of the most deep_ rooted non_government organizations called Ayaran. This research aims to study the managerial challenges of Safavi army.As this army had been constituted by different opposing elements like Ayaran and Khavarej. The main question of the research is that:what factors affected the disciplinary forces management in Safari army?which groups were involved in this army? This research tries to answer these questions using a descriptive _analytical method relying on the library sources. The research findings showed that Yacoub Leis Safari played a major role in Safari army and  the army management had a significant role in Yacoub victories.

Sasani oppression over Iranians made grounds for their collapse such that when new_muslim Arabs attacked,Sasani tribes didn't tolerate any more and lost their political lives soon. But the rise of Islam within the provinces of Iran,despite the starting delight,accompanied with Omavi caliphes unbelievable rigours:according to historical resources ,after Imam Ali's martyrdom in year 41AH,as the caliphate structures infected with the inane and strict foundations of throne, the rulers of different parts in Iran hadn't had any objective except personal benefits. The performance of Omavi caliphate governors in many countries like Iran,led to the insecurity,tyranny,cruelty and oppression in the history of this territory. The present research offers a documentary approach within historical documents using a descriptive _analytical method. The research results indicated that:Omavi rulers who were involved in a racism spirit ,in an increasingly vast process just brought about the deprivation of social _human rights and as a result their collapse. These were unblessed preparations to sacrifice justice for injustice and delight for darkness.

The consistency and protection of Khorasan state's social life was fully dependent on the fortresses due to some elements such as boundary position and Afgan,Tatar, Torkaman group's plunder. In addition to the establishment of military stability of the government,such a fortresses were a place to conduct commercial _agricultural activities and also to store foodstuffs and military procurement. Regarding the importance of the topic, the present research answer the question that what was the role of Khorasan fortresses in social life during Afsharie? In order to answer this question we test the hypothesis that the important functions of castles such as protection of people's lives and property,establishing political stability caused the different claimants of throne made particular endeavors to strengthen and to provide procurement in domestic castles and surrounding satellite  ones as their government's center of gravity. Using historical method and collecting library data from first _hand resources,this research described and classified military and political transformations related to Khorasan. Finally it analyzed these features and influences on the throne's claimant empowerment.

Advocating the existence of a society and government and also maintaining a nation's achievements have always required a disciplinary and military force. The disciplinary and military forces have played a basic role in the formation and stability of governments. So in each society, the disciplinary and military forces protect the government against domestic chaos and foreign attacks. To recognize and analyze the basic factors and position of these forces means to undrestand a part of the identity of society. Iran was also involved in this. In particular,Iran is located in a specific geographical region,so the disciplinary and military forces were more important. Based on this, the Islamic Iranian scholars and bureaucrats have paid attention to these forces and their aspects particularly. The main question in this research is that: how the position of disciplinary and military forces has manifested in the Islamic thinking? It seemed that the importance of the topic of Jihad and exploitation of the ancient Iran theoretical supports by thinkers and also Quran verses and Islamic narratives caused the theoretical basics of disciplinary and military forces assigned a particular position to themselves in their works. On the other hand,considering the issues like the control of frontiers,enforcing divine rules and also keeping the position of caliphate have made the basics of these forces important. The research results showed that regarding the mentioned basics and political situation of each period,Iranian scholars and bureaucrats in their works have paid special attention to the military forces particularly disciplinary ones and considered their existence as one of the requirements of society and government.  This research is an attempt to determine the theoretical basics of the disciplinary forces in the thoughts of these thinkers which has investigated these theories in a  descriptive _analytical method.

Up to the early 19th century A.D ,Iran lacked a type of systemic and consistent disciplinary and military organization. The warriors  just were collected and centralized when a war happened. Starting Iran and Russia wars during Fathalishah Qajar and bitter defeats of country by northern neighbors, the weariness of social_ political system in Iran and as a result military organization,it became clear for many politicians of that time like Abbas Mirza Nayeb Alsaltane and his minister,Ghaem Magam,to recruit European military trainers and experts and to use their military knowledge in the military organization of country,and also to conduct the required reforms. On the other hand by coming to the power of Qajariyeh dynasty,the wide transformations had occurred in the world especially in Europe. European states compete to gain more economic benefits and breach the independeny and sovereignty of weak nations. Iran was also one of the states that fell into the competitions involuntarily, while it didn't have the main tool for self _ defense ,that is a powerful and adequate military force. In this period the country's military force was mainly constructed by tribes that was undesirable regarding the rapid trend of universal transformations and due to the national benefits. The present research objective is to determine the military group structure during Qajariyeh and historical recognition of army formation on the first stage and it present the reasons for the transformations of Iranian military corps during this period on the second stage.