نشریه پدافند غیر عامل و امنیت
پیاپی 17 (زمستان 1395)

Appearance of fourth generation weaponries and use of bio-terrorism necessitates the defensive preparation against bio-terroristic attacks. This study aims to identify the solutions of passive defense in stabilization and continuance of function of drinking water supply through safety of water reservoirs in a descriptive approach. The main question of the study is what are the solutions of passive defense in stabilization and continuance of drinking water supply function through safety of drinking water reservoirs of the country? The information collection tool in this study is library studies, interview and researcher made questionnaire and the basis of the researcher work is based on two axes of library collection (document and internet), interview and questionnaire (field). Statistical population of study includes 27 experts of water, 20 managers and Master of Science student of passive defense and 13 physicians and medical staff, in sum 60 persons and entire population has been examined as the sample size and validity of questionnaire has been done through validity of content and structure. Validity of questionnaire has been calculated through Cronbach’s Alpha.

This research aims to investigate the relationship between virtual social networks and social security and order. The main question of research is that what the role of virtual social networks is in social security and order. The research hypothesis also argues that it seems that virtual social networks have significant relationship with social security and order. This research conducted using survey method. The study population included students of Islamic Azad University of Karaj Branch (n=200), Internet and cyber users in 2015; they were asked to complete researcher-made questionnaire. The research results showed that there is a significant relationship between virtual social networks and social security and order among students of Islamic Azad University of Karaj Branch. Hence, due to high costs of filtering in the country and breaking this barrier by %80 of users, culture-building practices in terms of Internet user and cyber ethics and risk can have a result more desirable than filtering.

During recent years, due to significant advancement in production of modern, intelligent and developed weapons with high accuracy and reach, the pattern and nature of war has significantly changed and wars have found more destructive features. In new age wars (sixth generation), the motivation of enemy is attack to centers of gravity and lifelines in the entire geography of the environment. Along this, this study is done with aim of identifying the infrastructures of studies regions that given its inherent properties is of high attraction for enemies for applying threat deriving from purposeful attacks. Thus, for ranking the infrastructures, 5 main criteria, and 25 subsidiary criteria and 125 specialized indexes are presented. Five main criteria at ranking of infrastructures are infrastructure basic nature, infrastructure peripheral environment, passive defense considerations, consequences of purposeful attach and modality of dependence. Each infrastructure is multiplied to the related criterion weight considering the score which receives from each one of criteria and after summing the scores of 25 subsidiary criteria, the final score of each infrastructure is determined between 0 to 100%, and each infrastructure which acquires higher score has greater ranking for applying the threat by enemies. Finally, for depicting the outputs of the model, the mentioned process is implemented in an imaginary urban region in positional information system and among three infrastructures of electricity network, fuel and city water supply, the infrastructures related to electricity network is of higher attraction for applying the threat due to purposeful attacks and city power plant has was of highest priority.

The importance of preserving and strengthening defense preparedness is obvious in all aspects, especially in the field of passive defense. One of the basic strategies in discussing about passive defense is urban users’ appropriate zoning and localization. Hence, this research aims to identify and evaluate elementary educational localization with passive defense approach in Kermanshah city. The study population includes elementary schools in which schools located at municipal district 4 in Kermanshah were selected as sample. From purpose viewpoint, it is applied, and from method viewpoint, it is descriptive-analytic. Data have been collected in two stages; the first stage relates to background and framework of the study using documents and library studies which has led to representing analytical model. In the second stage, samples under investigation were analyzed using field method and indictors obtained from the first stage. Also, to analyze and prioritize indicators provided in the analytical model, analytical network process (ANP) was applied. The results show that “defensive architecture” and “dispersion and decentralization” are subscales which have the utmost importance in achieving security in educational spaces localization.

This research aims to evaluate the realization degree of passive defense measures in urban development projects using qualitative and quantitative models and geographic information systems (GIS). This is an applied research conducted by simulating and modeling method using geographic information system. Data were collected and analyzed using documents, field and library studies and reports. The quantitative and qualitative study of criteria and passive defense indicators in detailed plan of central part of Qom city shows that due to the importance of study scope and users’ sensitiveness in this regard, no significant and serious attention has been drawn on principles and indicators of passive defense in order to reduce the vulnerability of the region. Hence, necessary proposals are provided in the form of executive policies to reduce vulnerability in central part of Qom city against natural and synthetic damages.

This study aims to determine the passive defense considerations of traffic control center of Islamic Republic of Iran Railways (IRIR) against cyber-attacks which include determining the effective cyber-attacks, determining effective vulnerability and determining the defensive solutions for resisting against cyber-attacks of traffic control center of IRIR using analytic descriptive stud. This study is of practical type. Methods and tools of information collection of this study include questionnaire, interview, observation and use of cyberspace (internet and intranet). Statistical population of this study is made up of experts, managers and specialists of the field of passive defense, IT and IRIR. Findings of the study suggest that the most important considerations of passive defense of traffic control center of Railways against cyber-attacks in following three parts are: the most important attacks, Denial of service, message content change and other cases. The most important vulnerabilities: existence of dissatisfied employees, lack of accurate control of entry and exist of people to server room and traffic control center, lack of specialist human force for repairing and maintenance of equipment and other cases. The most important solutions: continuous backup of vital and sensitive data, documentation and reporting the previous identified attacks to security team, and reviewing the daily reports related to equipment and other cases.