journal of Social Behavior and Community Health
Volume:3 Issue: 1, May 2019

In recent years, the incidence of depression in people, especially women, has been growing, making it essential to study psychological correlates with the disorder. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship of mindfulness, psychological hardiness and spirituality with depression in mothers. The statistical population of this correlational study included all mothers aged 30 - 50 years in Isfahan in 2016 - 2017. To this end, 300 mothers were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection instruments were Mindfulness Skills Measures, Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire, Spirituality Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory. For data analysis, the descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis) were used. Mindfulness (-0.48), psychological hardiness (-0.39) and spirituality (-0.55) had a significant, inverse correlation with depression in mothers (P-value < 0.001). These components could significantly predict depression in mothers (P-value < 0.001). Given the significant role of the subscales mindfulness, psychological hardiness and spirituality in predicting mothers' depression, it is suggested that the education of these components to mothers be taken into consideration to prevent the occurrence of depression.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects social, occupational, communicational, and psychological functioning. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the effect of emotional regulation and distress tolerance skills based on Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) on anxiety sensitivity and emotion regulation difficulties among women with IBS. In order to conduct this study, a sample of 30 women with IBS who referred to Tehran healthcare centers was selected using the convenience sampling. Then, participants were assigned to experimental and control groups randomly. In this pretest-posttest semi-experimental study, we used anxiety sensitivity index questionnaire and the emotion regulation questionnaire. The experimental group received the educational intervention in 10 sessions during two and a half months. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that DBT had a significant effect on anxiety sensitivity and emotional regulation difficulties in women with IBS (P-value < 0.001). So, this treatment could reduce the anxiety sensitivity and emotional regulation difficulties in with IBS women. According to the results, DBT educations can reduce the anxiety sensitivity and negative emotion regulation and increase the positive emotion regulation.

The foundation of a healthy community is based on the healthy communication between family members. In this regard, marital satisfaction is one of the important factors in strengthening the family relationships, which can be affected by the type of marriage as well as the family demographic and cultural components. This study was conducted on 120 married women in Taft. Participants were selected by systematic sampling method using Cochran formula. The research tools were Enrique Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1998) and a researcher-made questionnaire. Validity of the latter questionnaire was assessed using face validity and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha. According to the results, the marital satisfaction of married women was in moderate level. Moreover, marital satisfaction was higher among the villagers (P-value = 0.006), non-familial marriages (P-value = 0.006), and housewives (P-value = 0.042) than other groups. Considering the type of marriage, forced marriage (P-value ≤ 0.50) showed a significant relationship with lack of life satisfaction; in other words, a higher degree of satisfaction was observed in unforced marriages. According to the regression analysis, four variables of couple’s age differences, education level differences, duration of marriage, and type of marriage (forced and unforced) explained about 43.5 percent of the dependent variable variations. Eventually, increase in the education level of couples decreased their life satisfaction; whereas, marital satisfaction increased by increase of age, duration of marriage, number of children. Moreover, marital satisfaction was lower in forded marriages.

divorce causes emotional and psychological damages to children. On this basis, emotional processing, emotional failure, and emotional adjustment of students with divorced and non-divorced parents were compared in Isfahan city, Iran. In this descriptive-analytic causative-comparison study, all students with divorced and non-divorced parents were investigated in Isfahan. In this research, non-probability sampling method was used. In order to conduct the study, 200 middle-school students with divorced and non-divorced parents were selected (100 students had divorced and 100 had non-divorced parents).The questionnaires used in this study included emotional processing questionnaire, emotional failure, and emotional adjustment questionnaire. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance. The results showed that emotional processing, emotional failure, and emotional adjustment were significantly different between the two groups of students with divorced parents and non-divorced parents (P-value < 0.001). Although students with divorced parents had lower scores in components of emotional processing and emotional adjustment, they had higher scores in emotional failure. Based on the findings, emotional processing, emotional failure, and emotional adjustment of students with divorced parents should be considered. In this regard, a suitable method of intervention is required, such as treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy and mind-consciousness to reach acceptable normal level of transformational process.

One of the factors influencing the level of general health and quality of life of individuals, is the level of social support that people enjoy. Given the importance of general health, quality of life and the amount of social support and their relationship with the level of physical activity in young people in Yazd province counties were studied. The study population of this descriptive, cross-sectional study consisted of 15- to 29-year-old people. Given the study population, sample size was calculated for the counties Yazd, Mehriz, Ardakan and Meybod separately. A total of 1533 people were selected by cluster sampling, and a person aged 15-29 years from each family completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire used, in addition to demographic questions, included three sections general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and World Health Organization Quality Of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF). The data were analyzed by SPSS18, nonparametric statistical tests and Pearson's correlation. The mean general health score of youth was 30.82 (9.56) and the mean scores of their quality of life and social support were 38.32 (8.67) and 42.64 (7.73), respectively. Mental health, quality of life and social support were significantly associated with education level (P-value ≤ 0.001).
The quality of life of young athletes was higher than that of young non-athletes (P-value ≤ 0.001). General health and social support were higher in women than in men (P-value ≤ 0.001). The general health level of Yazd youth is higher than the cut-off point and not optimal, but based on social and cultural conditions in this province, the levels of social support and quality of life were found to be satisfactory. Planning to increase the level of vitality and exercise in different fields can be an opportunity to improve the general health of young people.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a serious syndrome, which damages people’s psychological, communicative, social, and emotional lives. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare integrative self-knowledge and impulsivity in patients with Irritable IBS and healthy individuals.
This case-control study was conducted on patients with IBS referring to gastroenterologists and healthy individuals in the city of Isfahan in 2018. The sample size included 150 patients with IBS and 150 healthy people in Isfahan selected using non-random convenient sampling method. The integrative self-knowledge and impulsivity questionnaires were applied to collect the information. After collecting the questionnaires and extracting the raw data, SPSS23 software was used and t-test was run to analyze the data.
A significant difference was observed between patients with IBS and healthy participants with regard to integrative self-knowledge and impulsivity (P-value < 0.001), so that people with IBS had lower integrative self-knowledge and higher impulsivity in comparison with the healthy individuals.
According to the findings, people with IBS had lower integrative self-knowledge and higher impulsivity due to their therapeutic and psychological involvement in the disease. So, third-wave psychological treatments such as mindfulness treatment and positivist psychotherapy are required in this area.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) damages the children’s communicative and social performance. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of Barkley’s parental training on social skills of students with ADHD.
This random trial was conducted on primary school students with ADHD in Isfahan in academic year 2016 - 2017. As a result, 40 students with ADHD were selected from primary school students with ADHD via clustered random sampling method and were randomly categorized into case and control groups. The parents in the case group received fifteen sixty-minute therapeutic interventions in two months. The applied questionnaires included ADHD questionnaire and social skills questionnaire. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA method.
The results showed that Barkley’s parental training had significant effect on social skills of students with ADHD (P-value < 0.001) so that this therapy could improve social skills in ADHD students.
According to the findings, it can be concluded that Barkley’s parental training can be applied as an efficient treatment to improve social skills of ADHD children by modifying parents’ interactional and parental model.

Elderly is an era of life, which affects quality of life; aging changes the thinking ways and reduces the self-confidence.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of hope therapy on the elderly quality of life in Mehriz, Yazd in 2016 - 2017. In this controlled study with pre-test post-test design, the study population consisted of all elderly people who referred to daily care centers of Mehriz. The sample consisted of 24 elderly women in the daily care centers, who were divided into two groups of experimental (n = 12) and awaiting (n = 12).Hope therapy was provided in eight sessions for the experimental group. The instrument used in this research was Quality of Life Scale for the Elderly. The MANOVA results showed a significant difference between the experimental and awaiting groups. In the experimental group, physical function, depression, anxiety, mental performance, and life satisfaction improved, but education did not affect the sex dimension. Hope therapy, was effective on improving the elderly quality of life. The studied training can be used as an effective treatment to improve the elderly quality of life.