فصلنامه رشد فناوری
پیاپی 59 (تابستان 1398)

This paper examines the concept of digital divide at the global level and within the countries level. To this end, we have been studying and analyzing research on digital divide in different countries and using international statistics. The research results show that the digital divide is a broad, complex, multidimensional concept and beyond physical access to communication technologies. The digital divide,which is posed in two spheres,first international and among different countries and within the countries , can occur at four levels of access gap, gap of use and motivation, knowledge gap, and production gap. The lack of physical access to an ICT area creates an access gap between people in that area and other areas. The use and motivation gap occurs when, despite the availability of computers and the Internet, many of the population groups do not use these facilities due to lack of motivation and sufficient income. The gap in knowledge lies in the level of technological literacy and the ability to access appropriate online content and services. The manufacturing gap explains that, despite being interactive and participating in the content of new technologies, it remains far between the number of content producers and consumers. Also, the digital divide is a dynamic phenomenon, so that when the digital divide fills up at one level,at the other level, another gap is created. At the end of the study, a model is proposed for the study of the digital divide levels and the variables involved in it.

The rapid growth of technology, increased risk-taking in global markets and the ever-increasing changes in customer needs have put pressure on new product development teams.There are many risks in the process of developing new products in all industries intrinsically. Therefore, understanding, identifying and ranking the risks is of strategic importance for companies. The purpose of this study is identifying and ranking the risks in the process of developing a new product in Iran's automotive industry, based on the literature of research and specialized interviews conducted with experts, the main indicators have been identified. The main risk indicators in the new product development process are (organizational, managerial, financial, manufacturing, marketing, and technical) and related to the phases of new product development. Therefore, these indicators will be ranked in this study. Regarding to the relationship between the criteria and the sub-criteria, the DEMETL technique will be used to identify the relationship model, and based on the network of identified relationships, the network analysis process (ANP) technique has been used for ranking the criteria And Sub-criteria with Super Decision software. The result of these techniques suggests that organizational risk is the most important parameter in risk management of the new product development process and the technical risk is the least important. On the other hand, sub-criterion of incorrect planning of resources has the highest importance and sub-criterion of lack of sufficient communications is the least important in the automotive industry in Iran.

Economic growth and development are among the main goals of economic policymakers, which have led them to always look for factors that accelerate economic growth. There are different theories in this regard, each of which is one of the factors influencing economic growth. One of the reasons for failure in the path of economic development is lack of a model for realizing economic complexity, taking into account the experiences of other countries. This research has been carried out for the purpose of a meta-analysis of research conducted in the field of economic complexity over the past few years. The statistical population of this research is the research on the complexity of the economy between 2011 and the end of 2017. Of the 35 studies reviewed, 22 cases have been identified for proper meta-analysis. These articles have been reviewed in two sections: "Meta-analysis descriptive findings" and "Qualitative assessment of articles". Descriptive findings include the time scale, the frequency of articles, the gender of the researchers and the geographical distribution of the authors and the level of the region studied (national, regional or global). In the quality assessment section, the articles are divided into three groups based on the "Blaikie" triple indicator, why and how they are categorized and analyzed. Then, by examining all the articles studied, the factors emphasized in economic complexity were extracted and in the end, considering these factors, a proposed model is proposed to achieve the complexity of the economy, which can be a way forward for managers and policymakers in the fields Economic and industrial.

Nowadays, the Internet of Things Technology (IoT) has become one of the biggest aspects of agricultural development. Apart from this fact that IoT is a new concept in the agricultural industry, the benefits of this technology in the field of smart farming have been greatly taken into consideration. IoT technologies gives the farmer a reliable information about the seeds to plant, the amount of seed, the best planting and harvesting time, and the amount of product expected to be harvested. With the establishment of IoT, the farmer can use the sensors to determine soil moisture, predict weather conditions, plant growth, soil condition, pests or disease in plants, remotely and using smart phones. Also, using the moisture sensor and the information that the sensor sends about the moisture content of the soil and, given the amount of water required by the plant, it reduces the waste hedge and therefore optimizes the water. It also increases the yield of the product by online monitoring the plant's growth and the identification of pests and diseases. Appropriate information is available in graphical form or video format, and the necessary actions and decisions are made. Utilizing services that provide IoT technology to farmers, product performance increases and costs are dramatically reduced, while human interventions are also reduced using this technology.

Fars Regional Electric Company is one of 16 regional energy companies in the country, which is responsible for managing power transmission in the provinces of Fars and Bushehr. The company uses a variety of management systems to promote its offering of services, which is one of these systems Suggestion System. In accordance with the executive procedure of the admission, examination and implementation system of the Suggestion System, each stage of acceptance and implementation of the Suggestion is also intended to reward the position of thought and thought. The reward of each offer is proportional to the score that it receives after approval by its specialized committee. In order to standardize the scoring for each suggestion, indicators and criteria are also included in the company's method of implementation, which is categorized in three areas of technical, non-technical and financial criteria. Given the lack of tools for calculating indices, each index must first be described and then converted into a number as a score. In this paper, while introducing the Fars Regional Electric Company, the position of the Suggestion System and the current scoring method for any Suggestion in this company, using a fuzzy inference, Using the various criteria of each Suggestion, system suggest a total score for each suggestion is close to expert opinion. The results of using this system indicate that the decision quality in the allocation of score to each Suggestion is increased and the rules in the system fuzzy inference engine provide a better score.

Social networks with more than a decade of experience in providing services and attracting countless user globally have reached a significant economic profitability. Entrance into the social networking market requires creating an innovative, entrepreneurial and secure environment for business. From the viewpoint of native social networking, in a addition to the above requirements, this requires financial and infrastructures support as well as a comprehensive strategy. In Iran, along with the global trend of technology, numerous communication and social networks have been launched, which in most cases, their experience has not been successful. In this paper, by studying successful experiences in this field, the existential and obligatory requirements of the coverage of these networks in the country are determined and successful factors of the social network identified. Finally, based on the results obtained and modeling the successful factors of social networks from the perspective of business and users, the vast challenges of native social networks have been extracted and policies and solutions proposed for each of challenges. Attention to the needs of young people, using existing on-line social network analysis, transparency of related lows and regulations, providing incentive and infrastructure supports, considering criteria and cultural and social norms, innovating in business models and creating free-to-access suggested strategies for developing native social networks.

In this study, the purpose evaluation and explain the impact of organizational learning on performance with the mediation of knowledge management. The population of 9 branch of Agricultural Bank of Iran in Tehran employees who, according to Morgan table 52 questionnaires were distributed among employees. The research, Descriptive- Survey and data gathering tool was a questionnaire Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability of the questionnaire was to 0/970. Analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS 16 software and Smart PLS3 took place. The data analysis showed: 1.organizational learning on knowledge management and organizational performance is a direct and significant positive impact 2.Knowledge management on organizational performance is a direct and significant positive impact 3.Knowledge management mediates between on organizational learning and organizational performance 4.Learn the organization directly and indirectly through knowledge management, has a significant impact on performance.

One of the issues encountered by the Iranian Humanities and Social Sciences Society is the commercialization of knowledge and the creation of a business in this field. As a result, the deprivation of business areas from the benefits and capacities of the humanities and social sciences, the wasting of the country's capital, the unemployment of a large number of graduates and the resulting consequences (such as immigration and employment in irrelevant businesses). Therefore, this paper attempts by reviewing the literature on entrepreneurship, the supporting ecosystem of entrepreneurship and the study of two domestic and international universities, provide some solutions for developing university entrepreneurship in the field of humanities and social sciences. The results show that in comprehensive universities, firstly, engineering faculties and then social sciences, economics and management schools engage in entrepreneurship. However, other colleges are resisting entrepreneurship. Therefore, at a humanities university, the stimulation of all faculties for entrepreneurship innovatively, along with the pursuit of scientific and research tasks, should be carefully addressed and start with the colleges whose products and services are closer to the market. In addition, there is no universal framework for creating an academic entrepreneurship ecosystem. Thus, the officials of the universities in the field of humanities must be able to create a environment in which, while preserving the traditional values of education and research, put the commercialization capacity of creating entrepreneurial culture in the university at the center of attention of students and staff.