نشریه بیولوژی کاربردی
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، تابستان 1393)

In recent years ulcerative colitis is a disease common has increased significantly. The risk factors of this disease include; genetic background, environmental factors and bacteria. The important factors in terms of genetic background are family history in first cousins, genetic markers and race and in terms of environmental factors is diet. Based on researches, it is identified that gastrointestinal microbiota is involved in the development of ulcerative colitis and one of the most important bacteria is Escherichia coli with pks gene. pks genomic island is frequently harboured by Escherichia coli strains of the B2 phylogenetic group. pks gene produces a genotoxin as secondary metabolite called colibactin which creates DNA damage in the epithelial cells in the intestine. Mammalian cells exposed to live pks+ bacteria exhibit DNA-double strand breaks and undergo cell-cycle arrest and death. In this study, we investigate the role of E. coli bacteria with pks gene as well as colibactin mechanism on the cell metabolism in the intestine.

Leishmaniasis induced by protozoa of the genus Leishmania can be evaluated as a zoonotic disease. this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of alcoholic,Aqueousand hexane extracts ofCichorium intybusleafagainst promastigotes of Leishmania by invitro assay using MTT. The aim of this study was to find newnatural drug that can inhibite promastigotes of Leishmania,without side effects.The extracts were preparedby percolation method. The extracts were dried and solved in DMSO 5% solvent. Leishmania majorpromastigotes were cultured at 25±2°C in stationary phase in RPMI-1640 medium complemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and antibiotic Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL). Then, the biological activity of plant extracts in analogy to glucantime on L.majorpromastigotes were evaluated using MTT method. The optical density (OD by the parasite was measured using ELISA reader and IC50 values (50% inhibitory concentrations) were evaluated. All tests were repeated in Triplicate.IC50 of glucantime was616/18 μg/ml,and IC50 values foralcoholic, aqueous andhexzane extracts were shown 1094μg/ml,2383/38μg/ml and2577/69μg/ml, respectively. Although glucantime was more effective than plant extracts, all extracts have shown inhibition effects on promastigotes of L.major.As regards, plant extracts: alcoholic, aqueous andhexzane extracts of chicory (Cichorium intybus) have anti-leishmanial effects in vitro further works are required to appraise the exact effect of these extracts on Leishmania agents in animal models.

Of the 36 women studied, 26 (72.2%) delivered vaginally, 3 patients (8.3%) cesarean section, 7 patients (19.4%) also had experienced both delivery. Also, one patient (2.8%) had one child, 10 patients (27.8%) have two children, 7 patients (19.4%), three children and the rest more than 3 children had slopes leading age from 32 to 72 years, with 55% of them at the age of 50 up to 60 years. Their first child was 30 years of age range from 14 to 70% of maternal age less than 20 years. 7 patients (19.4%), stress incontinence, 8 patients (22.2%), urgency incontinence, 21 patients (58.3%) mixed incontinence, 9 patients (25%) incontinence had a close time. Between urinary incontinence and sexual health (082/0 = P) There was no significant relationship.The results showed that urinary incontinence in women has no effect on sexual health. F. whereas the peasant Manshadi and colleagues (5), but this study confirms the results of studies (6) sen llker and his colleagues was significant relation between sexual health and urinary incontinence are observed.

Cryopreservation is one of the most appropriate and safest tool to preserve plant germplasm species including plants seeds. In this temperature, physiologic activities and metabolic processes of the seeds and plant members are almost held up and seeds are able to survive at unlimited time periods.In this research, in order to preserve seeds of Silybum marianum medicinal plant, from Astereceae Family in cryopreservation condition, we used three pre-treatments: Glycerol 30 %, and plant vitrification solution 2 and Desiccation for seeds. After a week all of treatments were extracted from the liquid Nitrogen(LN) and were melted in thermae with 42°C. Then seeds were transferred to a germinator in 24°C and 16/8H optical period. Results analyzed statistically through laboratory exploration.Results show, Silybum marianum seeds' survival in LN are maintained in all three treatments among which Desiccation treatment has the highest survival percentage(93%) comparing the control (70%). Mean of seeds' length equals 101/13 mm in vitrification treatment while in control it reaches to 47/38. Thus, Desiccation treatment is recommended as an appropriate alternative to preserve this plant seeds and other Orthodox seeds for long periods of time in preserving centers of plant germplasm preservation.

Experimental evidence suggests that the folate deficiency and its consequent, the elevated homocysteine level ,can sensitize the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra to the environmental toxin, whereby it may increase the risk of Parkinson disease. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder with symptoms such as rest tremor, muscle stiffness, paucity of voluntary movements, and postural instability. Regarding the neuroprotective and antioxidant effect of the folic acid, purpose of this study was to determine the effect of folic acid on motor activity (catalpsy) in Parkinson model of rats with using the bar-test.

In this experimental study, 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups. Experimental model of Parkinson's disease was induced by intraperitoneal injection of reserpine. Each of animals in the folic acid groups was given folic acid(5 mg / kg, i.p) every day. Then all groups were evaluated by the bar-test.

The results showed that this dose of the folic acid (5 mg / kg) for a week significantly(p <0/05) improves the catalepsy in the rats model of Parkinson's disease.

It can be said that folic acid improves catalepsy in Rats Model of Parkinson's disease.

Candidal vulvovaginitis occurs in female genital by the over growth of candida especially candida albicans. Noticing the daily increase of drug resistance, attempts should be made for providing anti-fungal and anti-microbial drugs. This study is to determine the comparison of concentration in-vitro effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss and Mentha pulegium Essential Oil plants Composition with one of them Nystatin on Candida albicans Isolates of Vaginal Candidiasis and comparing their with standard.

This experimental study assessed the antimicrobial effect of 2 plant extracts on Candida Albicans. Zataria multiflora Boiss and Mentha pulegium were selected based on previous researches and traditional usel. On each plate, one plant extract disc, one nystatin disc (aspositive control) and one blank disc (as negative controls) were placed. The mean diameter of non-growth halo around each plant extract was compared with the mean diameter of non-growth halo of positive control discs after 24 hours.Data analysis was done by ANOVA statistical test.

There was significant different between the diameter of non-growth halo around the plant extracts and nystation discs. (p<0.05).

Zataria multiflora Boiss and Mentha pulegium exhibited antifungal effects on C. Albincans But the effect of Mentha pulegium on the lack of growth of Candida Albicans strains was greater than that in Zataria multiflora Boiss.