فصلنامه آبزیان و شیلات
پیاپی 19 (پاییز 1393)

In order to examine the cell density and determine the chlorophyll content algas skeletonema sp and Tetraselmis sp in culture F/2 under different salinity 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 parts per thousand were cultured for 15 days. The results of growing in Tetraselmis sp showed that the algas had suitable resistance against vacillations of salinity and they can grow in different salininty. Tetraselimis alga can grow in salinity 30 and 35 parts per thousand and while in Tetraselmis sp alga the best amount of growing were observed in salininty 25 parts per thousand. Time of reaching to the highest density of growing in culture F/2 were significantly different (p 0.05). alga can grow in salinity 30 and 35 parts per thousand and while in Tetraselmis sp alga the best amount of growing were observed in salininty 25 parts per thousand. Time of reaching to the highest density of growing in culture F/2 were significantly different (p 0.05). According to the amount of growing in Tetraselimis with slower growing and go progressive stage with lower speed which show the different behavior of growing amount. In examining the effect of different salininty on amount of chlorophyll alga Tetraselimis there weren’t any differences between cases (p 0.05). the highest amount of chlorophyll were related to cases with salininty 20 parts per thousand salininty with amount 3/33 Micro gremin liter and the lowest amount were related to cases with salinity 35 parts per thousand with amount 1/21 Micro grem in liter. By increasing salinity we can observe the decrease of chlorophyll a in each Mili liter. According to the amount of growing in Skeletonmema is rapid growing and the time of reaching to the highest growing then the death phase. Calculation of effect of salininty on amount of chrollphyll a in Skeletonmema alga showed in density 20 parts per thousand and 25 parts per thousand had more chrollphyll regard to other cases and among the amaunt of least salinity that is 15 Mili gram in liter and amount of most 30 and 35 parts per thousand the statistecs significant differences were not oloserved.

Rising ammonia water is one of the major problems in aquaculture that its effects are not yet clear. The purpose of the present study is to determine the acute lethal concentration of ammonia and its effects on three gill tissue, liver and kidneys of fish species Acipenser stellatus weighted average of 3 grams in lab situation value. The tests were done on 7 cases and 3 repetitions and a whole number of 10 fish by stagnant water method for 96 hours. Fish were exposed to different whole Ammonia concentrations which were 0, 5, 6.23, 7.76, 9.66, 12.04 & 15 mg in liter for baby Acipenser stellatus. First, the amount of Ammonia LC50 in 24, 48, 72 & 96 hours was gained, this was calculated for baby Acipenser stellatus respectively 14.0249, 10.2164, 7.1531, 6.0353 mg in liter whole Ammonia. After finding LC50 amounts, we chose one low level of LC50 which is 25% concentration and one high level of LC50 which is 75% concentration and the test was repeated by 4 cases and 3 repetitions. Concentration range for this material was 1.508, 3.017 & 4.526 mg in liter whole Ammonia. The results showed that in gills, liver and kidney tissue destruction was observed after exposure to ammonia. Generally, the most injuries are observed in these fish's gill.

Squalis cephalus is an important economic and sport species in Kermanshah province. In this study, 18 morphometric and 9 meristic characteristics of Squalis cephalus in Shohaday-e- Songhor Dam lake in Kermanshah province were studied. A total of 31 specimens were caught in July and August 2012, using Gill nets of various mesh sizes (4 and 5 cm). Age groups 2+-5+ were observed in this population. Mean total, fork, standard, head and snout lengths were 207.2427.34, 196.1828.35, 179.2123.83, 45.496.11 and 19.992.78 mm, respectively. Mean body width and eye diameter were 31.996.68 and 8.650.83 mm respectively. Mean scales count in lateral line, above lateral line and below lateral line were40.473.20, 5.840.50, 3.110.32, respectively. Mean dorsal fin soft and hard rays were7.530.51 and 2.050.23, respectively. Mean anal fin soft and hard rays were5.580.51 and 2.110.32, respectively. According to the results, mean Coefficient of variation (%CV) of morphometric characteristics (16.28) were more than the meristic characteristics (9.31).Based on the presence of Squalis cephalus in most of the rivers in Kermanshah province and the discriminating or overlapping nature of majestic characters, there is a need to do more studies to discriminate different more studies to discriminate different populations.

The estimation of fractional trophic levels is essential for the management of fisheries resources as well as for quantifying the ecosystem effects of fishing. The main aim of this study was estimation of trophic levels in different marine organisms using TrophLab software in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. We gathered all available information on diet that has been locally described. Usable diet data of 25 species resulted in 28 trophic level estimates that ranged from 2.28 to 4.50. For those fishes with more than one dietary study estimation of trophic level was found to vary, probably due to a combination of different size ranges, with bigger fish tending to have higher trophic levels. The maximum trophic levels were obtained for Euthynnus affinis, Sphyraena putnamae, Thunnus tonggol and Thunnus albacores with amount of 4.50, 4.50, 4.49 and 4.45, respectively. An ordinary regression model relating trophic level and body length was formulated. Result showed that trophic level and body length were moderately correlated. This is the result of the fact that as fish grow their relative success rates increase due to ontogenetic changes in sensory and swimming capacities. Trophic level and regression model should be of help in the formulation of trophic indicators and models marine ecosystems.

In this study Holothuria scabra, sand sea cucumber species were investigated for nutritional studies from January 2012 to November 2013. During the 11-month study, a total number of 151 species of sea cucumbers was collected and their nutrition was studied. Rates of relative length of the gut (RLG) were calculated by the average mean value of 0.837 ± 1.92 which shows aquatic eating everything. Empty stomach index (cv) were calculated for the total samples and value of 17.21 were obtained, indicating that the aquatic being gluttonous. The value of CV and FI was calculated that the maximum value of the FI correspond to October with a value of 100% and a minimum value of 69.23 percent in June, the highest CV value of 30.76 in October and a lowest is zero in June. Also food preference (FP) was calculated for each type of food. The food frequency percentage were calculated for sludge 16.95, black sandy grit16.31, oyster shell in 13.27, two floor stands 8.47, green algae 7.51, plant and animal remains 5.77, color pebbles 5.31, plants 4.79, red algae 3.83, crustacean shells 3.03, insects 2.87, worms 2.23, fish 1.91, sediments 1.91, shell of crabs1.27, benthos 1.24, organic sediments 1.11, metal and wood chips 0.63, Squid 0.31, Scales 0.15 in percent. The results showed that Holothuria scabra has food gobbler scored and the major food is sludge, sandy grit, crustacean shells specially two floor stands and has a alternative food including green algae, plants, insects, and plant and animal remains. Random food for this species was including mollusks (squid), worms, fish, wood debris, metal, etc.

Vitamin groups composed of different natural compounds that can be used as an essential supplement in food dietary for fish and shrimp health, growth and reproduction. In this study the compound effect of different levels of Vitamin E and Riboflavin has been studied on the growth, survival and blood and Immune factors of fingerling common carp. For this propose fingerling common carp(Cyprinus Carpio) was feed on with food meals SFC containing different levels of Vitamins E+B2(80+7,160+15,240+20 mg/kg).Also,a control group was feel with diets containing SFC with out Vitamin Supplements.According to the biometrical parameters results and growth indices in dietavy food treatments. Containing different levels of Vitamins E+B2 show that these treatments in terms of all evaluated factors except (CF) have a meaningful difference.(P≤0.05).Morever the results of comparison in Hematology and blood Biochemical among different treatments of food dietry shows that these treatment according to RBC, PCV, MCHC, lymphocyt, Neutrophil, IgM in different treatments have a significantl difference(p<0.05).maximum growth rate was found in treatment number 1 (28.16+1.31g) and minimum growth rate was observed in control treatment(18.03+0.72g).Bused on the obtained results, the optimal proportion of vitamins E+B2 in fish meal for fingerling common carp is 80+7 mg/kg.

This study was carried out in order to determine the hatching rate fluctuations of Anostraca (Phallocryptus spinosa) cysts of Khasellou pools around Azarshahr under laboratory conditions .The culture medium was considered as decholorinated tap water and examined salinity and temperature treatments were 18, 23, 28 g/l, EPA solution and 15, 20, 25 ◦ C, respectively, that were near to observed ranges in natural habitat. Also, 24 hour light regime and 2000 lux were provided to obtain maximum hatching rate during the experiment. The results revealed that hatching percentage was increased by reduction of temperature and salinity on the culture medium from 25 to 15 ◦ C, and from 28 to 18 g/l, respectively. Maximum hatching rate was observed at 15◦ C and 18 g/l on the 5 th day as 5.33%. The results showed that the hatching process was occurred continuously on multiple times, so that less than 10% hatching was observed in each phase during the hatching period. Therefore decrease in water temperature and salinity could influence on hatching rate. Hatching percentage of P.spinosa cysts was more successful when sampled together with dry sediments of their habitat without separation of sensitive cysts that could be related to the creation of different grades of diapauses on their cysts. This viability can guarantee the permanent survival of these fairy shrimps in temporary stressful vernal pools.

This study on set-net fishing at the coastal area of Bandar Abbas was conducted from October to April 2012. A totally of 54 setnet operations were recorded, random samplig monthly of 9 setnet from Nakhlenakhoda, Khajehatatta and Suru were conducted. Results showed that a total of 66 species and 54 genus belonged to 45 families of fishes were caught by the set-net in Bandar Abbas coastal area. Nakhlnakhoda were consisted of 39 species, 35 genus and 31 families, Khajehatta, 42 species, 40 genus and 37 families and Suru 34 species, 28 genera and 26 families respectively . Analysis of catch composition were showed that in Nakhlnakhoda Goaf (39.7%), Kalar(10.8%) and crabs (9.5%), in Khajehatta Chacunda gizzard shad (38.5%), Mullets(20.9%) and Sardine(5.1%), and in Suru White sardine( 56.4%),Whipfin silver-biddy (7.1%) and Milk fish (6.4%) were dominated. In order to analyze the economical and social situation of bandarabbas setneters community of interviews and questionnaires were used in the social and econimic conditions of society setneters enrolled 20 person analyzed.In this investigation it has been determined that the estabishment of the oldest fishing setnet about 40 years ago and most recent 12 years of experience.On the other literacy rate of setneters showed that only 30 percent have no education.47 percent of setneters saied that their setnets is hereditaryd,16 percent have purchased their setnets and 37 percent said they have ownership of set nets. according to the survay,the most important setneters concern also,there is not a considerable income from setnet and for young employment as a carer is very smal role.