نشریه مدیریت دانش سازمانی
پیاپی 6 (پاییز 1398)

Knowledge auditing is essential for assessing knowledge management processes and adapting them with the organizational goals. On the other hand, analyzing the process of KM at local and global levels helps to identify the gaps in this field. This is an applied research which follows descriptive-analytical and scientometric methods. The statistical population of this research includes 84 ISI qualified articles of knowledge auditing in the Clarivate Analytics citation database. Data collection tools included checklists and annotation lists, and data analysis co-citation maps were performed by HisCite, VOS viewer, Pajek and Excel software. Findings showed that the publication trends of the knowledge auditing articles has fluctuated through time, and the most frequent article topics related to business finance, management, library and information science, and general and internal medicine. The number of local citations of countries, organizations, authors, journals and topics is very low compared to global citations. Findings also showed that most articles were published in English, and that the United States, England and Canada had the most publication of local and global citations. Universities of Colorado, Alabama, Waterloo and Cornell, and the Journals of Practice and Theory, Accounting Review and Auditing- had the most local and global citations respectively.  Co-occurrence maps of the keywords of this area are not coherent. Moreover, among the authors, Bonner, Libby, DeZoort and Salterio composed the most frequently cited at local and global fields. Centrality networks, and close relationship among the authors were not at an acceptable level requiring better planning and policy making.

Knowledge sharing among employees is a key factor for achieving sustainable competitive advantage, especially in high-tech organizations, in today's dynamic economy. Effective knowledge sharing can significantly influence time, cost, and quality of R&D activities in organizations. Hence, this research aims at investigating the relationship between social capital and knowledge sharing among faculty members of Allameh Tabatabaee University. The statistical population contains all faculty members of Allameh Tabatabaee University numbering 538 persons. Simple sampling method was used to select a sample containing 228 persons using Cochran formula, 160 of whom filled questionnaires correctly and completely. This is a descriptive correlational study. To collect data, Nachapithe and Guchal’s social capital questionnaire as well as Van den Hoff and Van Weinen’s knowledge sharing questionnaire were employed. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated as 0.877 and 0.813 respectively by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The structural equation statistical method using Amos software was used to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that structural, relational and cognitive dimension variables had a positive effect on the knowledge contribution of the faculty members.  Structural, relational and cognitive dimensions demonstrated positive and significant effect on knowledge acquisition of faculty members. Given the importance of knowledge sharing in educational fields, especially in universities, university managers are recommended to arrange the necessary situation for the creation and enhancement of social capital, which is in turn, one of the important factors in the extent of knowledge sharing.

Measuring the maturity of knowledge management enables the organizations to know how their knowledge management is carried out. The maturity model of knowledge management delivers objective evaluation regarding the level of KM activities and provides valuable information about the library's performance to reach the next level of maturity in terms of KM development. In other words, the maturity of the knowledge management creates an infrastructure for organization's knowledge management plan. Accordingly, this research is intended to assess the level of knowledge management maturity in public libraries in Kermanshah. This is an applied descriptive research. Data collection tool entails a standard questionnaire of Asian Productivity Organization. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated on the basis of mean value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.9). The research population contained 87 managers and employees of the public libraries of Kermanshah. Based on Krejci and Morgan's table, the sample size of the research was 70. Of these, 59 people (80% of the sample size) filled in the questionnaire. SPSS23 was employed to analyze the data and one-sample T-test was used for measuring the mean of the seven-group criteria. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to normalize the distribution of data. Non-parametric Friedman test was used for rating groups of criteria and the standard tables of the Asian Productivity Organization were applied to determine the maturity level. Findings indicated that the maturity level and readiness of the public libraries of Kermanshah to deploy KM was at an early stage (understanding the need for KM). The t-statistic value was negative for all criteria. Accordingly, the mean of leadership, process, employees, technology, knowledge processes, learning and innovation, and knowledge management scores were lower than the average knowledge maturity model of the Asian Productivity Organization. The results of ranking of knowledge management maturity criteria also showed that information technology score was the highest and leadership, learning and innovation criteria of knowledge management were at the lowest level. Ranking of other knowledge management maturity criteria are: the process, achievements, employees, and knowledge management processes respectively. The present study is based on the applied purpose and is a descriptive study based on the data collection method. The data gathering tool was a standard questionnaire of Asian productivity organization. Reliability of the questionnaire was calculated according to the mean value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.9. The research community was composed of 87 managers and staff of the public libraries of Kermanshah. The sample size of the research was 70 (based on Krejcie and Morgan's tables). 59 people (80% of the sample size) answered to the questionnaire. We used SPSS23 to analyze the data. One sample T-test was used in order to measure the mean of the seven groups of criteria. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to normalize the distribution of data. The nonparametric Friedman test was used for rating groups of criteria and the standard tables of the Asian productivity organization were applied to determine the puberty level and to calculate the total score of the seven criteria. The results of this study showed that information technology and process of knowledge management in public libraries of Kermanshah were higher and the leadership, staff, knowledge processes, learning and innovation, and knowledge management results were lower than the mean of knowledge management maturity model of APO. The level of puberty and the level of readiness of public libraries for implementing knowledge management at the initializing level (understanding the need for knowledge management) were evaluated. The results of the ranking of knowledge management maturity also showed that information technology was at the highest level and leadership and learning and innovation were at the lowest. Other knowledge management maturity criteria in order of importance were: process, achievements, staff, and knowledge management processes. Considering that public libraries of Kermanshah in terms of maturity of knowledge management are in the second phase (understanding the need for knowledge management) and information technology has a better status than other knowledge management criteria, it seems that these centers should identify the areas that require knowledge management initiatives and develop other knowledge management criteria in the form of a program based on the suggested solutions in this research, in order to achieving higher levels of knowledge management like: development, refinement and eventually encompassing it.

This study involves an investigation of the relationship between organizational culture and knowledge management in the libraries of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. This is an applied research following simultaneous mixed method. In the qualitative part of this study, the researchers employed Jierdzhi’s phenomenological approach. Semi-structured exploratory interviews were used to collect qualitative information, being conducted face-to-face. The statistical sample of this section was made on the basis of purposive sampling being continued until theoretical saturation. Interviews were made with 15 managers and employees of Shahid Chamran University Library in Ahvaz. Note taking and recording were also used to record information based on the research protocol designed by the researchers. To conform the validity of the tools, a three-way method of data collection was used. Internal validity has been tested by purposeful sample selection based on rich data descriptions or information richness and lengthening the interview process for in-depth understanding of the subject. The reliability, validity and acceptability of the data were tested to confirm data preciseness. The qualitative data were analyzed by inductive method. The quantitative part of this research is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population includes all managers and staff of the libraries of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz containing 47 individuals who were selected as statistical sample due to the limited number. The data were collected through two standard organizational culture questionnaire (Cameron & Quinn, 1996) and knowledge management questionnaire (Lawson, 2003). The face validity and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by 5 professors having more Regarding the normality of the data, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to test the significance of the relationships, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software. The results showed that the culture dominating the libraries is hierarchical. There is no meaningful relationship between this type of culture and knowledge management; however, there is a significant relationship between tribal or group culture, market culture and status-based culture with knowledge management. Also, the results of correlation analysis showed that group organizational culture has the highest correlation with knowledge management. It is suggested that the necessary framework for changing the hierarchical culture of the libraries under study into group culture be created so that knowledge management in these libraries can be more successfully implemented.

The Department of Education is developed into a widespread structure and plays a decisive role in the society and is regarded as the focal organization of the development and renovation of communities and the main center for the general education of the human resources of the country. On the one hand, sharing knowledge and developing it in the organization, as well as among the various related organizations and systems, which can grow enormously, can help making delicate decisions. Consequently, developing a comprehensive view of the key factors in the success of knowledge sharing and proper understanding of its facilitators in education as a prerequisite for achieving KM goals in the field of public education seems quite essential. This is a descriptive-applied case study conducted by survey method and random sampling in the General Office of Education in Mazandaran province. Using a quantitative research method, the researchers formed a test group and arrived at a framework for explaining important knowledge sharing strategies. Inferential statistics, correlation of the aspects of the model by Spearman coefficient were used to confirm the normality of the sample. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Friedman nonparametric test were employed to rank the model criteria. The research arrived at 17 factors and 26 key questions in the process of knowledge sharing in organizations. They were classifies into three areas of organizational culture, systems, and technology, and management strategies to prioritize the importance of each in the provincial educational office. The results indicated that the importance of implementation indicators in this office was more devoted to cultural, technological and managerial factors respectively. It is suggested that recruiting skilled employees, training and culture, and providing incentives to improve the situation be considered as the major strategies.

KM is aimed at identifying and preserving all social and intellectual capitals to achieve business goals. Organizations need to develop knowledge management infrastructure to improve their relationships with customers and to have better cooperation with business partners to create and maintain business knowledge. This research is aimed at providing a model for assessing the impact of organizational capabilities on successful electronic business. Having reviewed the literature and theoretical foundations, the researchers designed a conceptual model of the research. On the Basis of organizational capabilities model, composed of knowledge management (including knowledge acquisition aspects, knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization), innovation processes (including adaptation dimensions, intrinsic complexity and learning), as well as the organizational learning component (including dimensions of availability of teaching, technical expertise and level of knowledge) were considered as the precursors to the successful implementation of e-business. This is an applied research which follows descriptive correlational method for data collection. The statistical population of this study includes senior executives (general managers, and marketing, sales and information technology officers) of 100 Iran's top companies. The statistical population contains 400 high ranking managers. In order to identify the relationships between the components of the model, the data were collected from 194 information system managers of the selected companies. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability, and its validity was confirmed by convergent and divergent validity techniques. The analysis was conducted through Structural Equation Testing and Warp PLS Software. The results indicated that the most important factors discussed in this study contained managers' attention to successful implementation of e-business of innovation characteristics, knowledge management and learning respectively. Based on the results of this study, the researchers suggest that managers pay attention to the innovation processes (adaptation, intrinsic complexity and learning) in their companies, and make effort to implement the knowledge management process (knowledge acquisition, sharing and application). From the components of learning, availability of education and technical expertise were not confirmed, and only the component of knowledge level was validated. Therefore, managers are supposed to try to pave the way for learning in their companies. We recommend that the top 100 executives make their best to create an innovation platform in the organizations, remove barriers against them, and increase inter-sectional and general synchronization. On the other hand, motivational mechanisms for knowledge sharing should be employed in the knowledge management sector and should be designed systematically to improve the knowledge acquisition process. They must try to apply applied knowledge in organizations. Also, the required background for developing expertise in the organization should be provided in the field of education, and training must be available comprehensively to upgrade organizational knowledge.