فصلنامه مطالعات محیطی هفت حصار
پیاپی 29 (پاییز 1398)

Today, due to population growth, increasingly expanding of urbanization and increasing the complexity level of human needs, it is necessary to distribute urban facilities in order to citizens benefit from the economic, social, environmental and... needs in a fair and harmonious in order to provide appropriate and balanced conditions for the healthy living of all members of society. Urban sustainable development is the establishment of parity, balance and integration attitude among the distribution of population and the distribution of urban services and facilities in different dimensions of development, whose main objective is to provide welfare, comfort and promotion and improvement of the quantitative and qualitative level of human life. The imbalance in the spatial-physical structure of the regions is one of the major events of developing countries. In this regard, the present study with applied goal and descriptive-analytical nature and using the Morris development techniques and Human Development Index (HDI) an attempt was made to measure the level of development of the townships of West Azarbaijan province based on the amount of health and therapeutic services (17 variables) and provide suggestions for reducing inequalities and existing gaps in the region. The method of collecting information from documentary-library studies and using the statistical yearbook data and the University of Medical Sciences and Health-therapeutic Services of West Azarbaijan Province in 2017 and the Population and Housing Census of 2016 were adopted. The results of the research indicate heterogeneity and inconsistency in the level of development and the balanced distribution of facilities and health and therapeutic amenities based on population factors in some townships. The findings of the research indicate that Urmia city has the highest development level among other cities. Also, the cities of Khoy, Miandoab, Mahabad, Bukan, Salmas, Sardasht and Naqadeh are in the next categories of development. Chaypareh County is also located at the lowest level of development of the province. Finally, suggestions are given to increase the level of balance and eliminate development inequalities.

Tourism plays an important role in directing economic activities and contributing to increasing the income of local communities. In these areas, high environmental quality creates a sense of positive development towards tourism destinations and, ultimately, tourism development. Among the issues to be considered, is the identification of factors that affect the quality of the tourist environments. Therefore, it seems necessary to step through the study of these factors in the development of tourism and the improvement of the quality of the environment in the villages where this activity is prevalent. Therefore, in this study spatial analysis of the environmental quality of villages of tourism destination in Fazl rural district of Neyshabour city has been investigated to provide the necessary grounds for tourism development. The present study is an applied and descriptive-analytical method. Data collection was done based on documentary and field studies. The statistical population of the study consisted of the villages of Fazl rural district, of Neyshabour city, which according to criteria such as population, distance and local reputation in tourism, 9 villages (Farkhok, Derakhsht, Rud, Bojhabad, Tahtmanzar, Ghar, Hesar, Sughand, Bojan) They were selected as sample, which according to the census of 1395 has 1325 households and 4527 people. The analysis unit in this study is 18 tourism experts and 260 villagers residing in the studied villages selected by the Cochran method and a 95% confidence level and 0.05 significance level by random and quotient sampling method. The dependent variable (environmental quality) Investigates seven dimensions of functional-structural, tourist attractions, visual, environmental, texture and communication networks, the social environment and environmental dynamics in a total of 7 indicators and 43 quantitative indicators. In the present study, data analysis was performed using a single sample t-test and prioritization of the target villages of Fazl rural district with the WASPAS estimation technique. The results of single-sample t-test in order to measure the quality of the environment of the tourism villages, considering the average, mean and significance level (less than 0.05) in each indicator, indicate that the environmental quality of the villages from the viewpoint of the research sample population is higher than the limit Average is evaluated. According to the amount of t, which shows the amount of deviation from the average, from the viewpoint of people, the texture index and communication networks and the functional-structural index are first and last, respectively. The calculated results of the WASPAS model showed that the villages of Bojan, Sukhand, and Farokhk have ranked first to third in terms of environmental quality indexes respectively, while the Rud River villages are under the landscape and the caves have the lowest environmental quality. In general, the WASPAS model shows that there is a significant and positive relationship between the environmental quality indicators used in tourism research and development.

The urban form represents the spatial distribution of activities in urban areas. Considering the impact of urban design on management issues and environmental, economic and social characteristics of communities, measuring the construction and form of the city of Babol can be one of the factors influencing the success of urban planners in urban areas of Mazandaran province and Babol city. The research approach in this research is development research. Data analysis was performed using various indicators, urban form in six areas of Babol city. The analysis showed that in areas with more regular use patterns (north and west), density and urban gross densities are higher and there is no significant difference in terms of indicators of urban form, especially compression and complexity between Babol urban areas. Correlation analyzes show a strong relationship between most of the spatial indices. In general, factors such as the primary role of the city (commercial and academic, and especially the market), land use pattern, ownership, lack of strict implementation of urban planning rules and regulations, the ineffectiveness of urban development plans, have caused a disturbance in most of the urban fabric of Babol and due to the accelerated trend taken by uncontrolled vertical construction and the ever-increasing demand for excessive compression, there are signs of deviation in the new form.

This paper examines the status of student dormitories as temporary residences according to the components of Phenomenological and Islamic Architecture. Settlement or human being on earth and communicating with the environment is a kind of understanding of the world. Understanding what Settlement is and how it has impacted people's quality of life. Creating a sense of place is one of the most important factors that has received the least attention today. The important thing is a sense of place in traditional Iranian architecture. That is why the old buildings still retain their audience. This is undoubtedly one of the missing architectures used in the structure of student dormitories of modern universities. Thus, using a variety of art forms, the traditional architect inspired the spirit of the buildings to display the enduring effects of the imaginary world and to overcome the human spirit. This paper attempts to examine the current architecture of dormitories following the principles of the two approaches outlined in the text, and while identifying common problems, try to provide appropriate solutions to improve attendance and reach these locations. First, by studying and collecting articles related to settlements with the objectives and structure of student accommodation has been paid; Because in traditional Iranian architecture of buildings such as mosque valuable for Aqa- Bozorg school and other buildings surviving from the past, Home-schooling affirms homeschooling for a long time away from the family. The second step of the study, obtained with the components of housing and temporary residences, will be evaluated from the content analysis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of student dormitories in Hamadan Azad University; And with the help of students who stay in hostels, problems are detected. For this purpose, a questionnaire to assess the situation and to consider the preparation and shared among students; Then, the results are analyzed using structural equation method. The research method was quantitative-qualitative research and content analysis and analyzed using smart pls software. The results showed, that, Hamadan Azad University dormitories were weak in most of the components. Students tolerate place based on algebra and conditions, And they are indifferent to behavioral problems due to lack of satisfaction and lack of belonging. Even the cleaning in their territory does not have any sense of responsibility. These buildings are linearly constructed, And There are many problems with the physical performance of designing linear systems for hostels. This system made with low cost and time. But in practice, its performance is weak, and the need to support multiple high. Interior air-conditioning is very low. The research points mentioned are part of the dominant problem in dormitory spaces; And it is best to reduce many environmental issues and deficiencies by improving environmental conditions.

In the twenty-first century, cities face a lot of turmoil. The City Prosperity model, presented by United Nations Human Settlements Program (UN-Habitat) in 2012, offers a new approach to urban flourishing and sustainability, and it is looking for a fundamental solution to improve the quality of life. This article focuses on measuring the quality of life in the Narmak neighborhood of Tehran based on the extended model of City Prosperity Index (CPI-QL) which leads to the creation of an indigenous pattern for developing and improving the quality of life in cities. The proposed model can be very effective in fulfillment of sustainable urban development, improving the quality of life and measuring the prosperity situation of cities in Iran and it can be presented as an indigenous and developed example of the global City prosperity model, which is a reliable measure for reviewing, analyzing and prioritizing urban actions. The method of data collection is through a questionnaire that is measured in the Narmak neighborhood of Tehran. Considering the wide range of indexes in this research, to summarize and achieve the main factors, the factor analysis method has been used for analyzing the data.

Cities and creative regions are driving the country's economy. Creative cities are respected as the center of innovation, creativity, and transformation of ideas into wealth. Moving towards the creation and realization of a creative city is very important for reasons of the location of the city as a place of formation of knowledge-based communities, the importance and focus of cities in economic and social development is essential. This research is aimed at ranking the cities of Ahwaz in terms of having indicators of the creative city. The survey method is based on a descriptive-analytical approach. To collect data, experts' opinions were used using the questionnaire as well as the statistics of Ahvaz city. To measure the variables of the creative city, the decision making WASPAS model and weighting to indicators were used by the Shannon entropy method. In this research, urban areas of Ahwaz are ranked according to 14 indicators of the city's creative indicators. The results indicate that the level of accessibility of Ahwaz urban areas varies in terms of indicators of the city and there is a great gap between the regions. The best position in terms of indicators of a creative city based on the WASPAS model is the one with a weight of 0.416, which is a higher-than-high-level one in the area of ​​the first one, the criteria for which is high. In contrast, the lowest level of coverage is about 0.224. Therefore, the autogenous regions of Ahvaz do not have the same status in terms of having creative city indicators.

Perception is a cognitive process depends on various factors of the environment. The user's mentality can affect his perception, understanding, and behavior in the environment. Organizing the environment is one of the important factors in the formation of spatial communication of elements that can be an important factor in understanding the person from his or her surroundings. In this research, we examine the different dimensions of perception, which are divided into four categories of cognitive, emotional, interpretation, and valuation based on theories of theorists such as Cait, Cullen, Smith, and so on. The purpose of this research is to investigate the geometry of space as one of the environmental organizers in the perception of users. Therefore, the space of Eram Garden of Shiraz, which contains a regular and irregular geometry, was measured. The presence of users continuously in both geometries caused many time and space intervener variables to be eliminated. The research method in this research is a quantitative and qualitative combination and information gathering method based on field observations and questionnaires and interviews. The results of the research show that the perception of visitors is different in three dimensions of emotional, interpretation and valuation between the two garden geometries. But there is no difference in the cognitive dimension. Studies also show that in regular geometry, users have the highest perceptions of the spatial extent and degree of legibility, while in irregular geometry, emotional factors and diversity of space have had the greatest impact on perception.