Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery
Volume:30 Issue: 1, Winter 2020

  Anxiety disorders are induced by cognitive and behavioral inefficiencies. 

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of group cognitive-behavioral training techniques on social anxiety in nursing students.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest follow-up (one month) and a control group design. The statistical population comprised all nursing students of Babol City, Iran. Fifty-four individuals diagnosed with social anxiety were selected using a simple random sampling method. The study groups were tested in three stages; before and after the intervention and follow-up, using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety questionnaire. The experimental group was subjected to 12 sessions of 60-minute under the group intervention of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on social anxiety. However, the control group received no training.  

The obtained results suggested that cognitive-behavioral techniques training was effective on social anxiety. The mean social anxiety scores of the experimental and control groups were significantly different (P=0.004).

Group training of cognitive-behavioral techniques significantly affected the social anxiety of studied students. Moreover, this study suggests the use of cognitive-behavioral group therapy to reduce the social anxiety of nursing students.

Breastfeeding after birth and during the first two years of life highly affects a baby’s development and growth. Various factors can affect mothers’ breastfeeding behaviors. 

This study aimed to evaluate the breastfeeding status of up to 2 years of age babies and its associated factors based on Behaviors, Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model.

This was an analytical and cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 270 mothers with babies aged 6-24 months, referring to the comprehensive health centers in Rasht, Iran. The samples were selected using a cluster sampling technique. A 6-part questionnaire was used for collecting data assessing the BASNEF model constructs of behaviors, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors, as well as the demographic information of study participants. Chi-squared test, Fisher’s Exact test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis (backward method) were used for data analysis.

The prevalence rate of breastfeeding was 56.3%, and 61.5% of infants had exclusive breastfeeding. In terms of breastfeeding knowledge, 25.6%, 50%, and 24.4% were at good, moderate, and poor levels, respectively. Regarding attitude towards breastfeeding, 61.9% and 38.1% had undesirable and desirable attitudes, respectively. Furthermore, 50.7% of the infants had favorable breastfeeding and 49.3% had unfavorable breastfeeding. The rate of favorable breastfeeding was significant in terms of infant age (P=0.03) and the pregnancy care location (P<0.05). Regression model suggested that infant’s age (OR=1.582, 95% CI; 1.133- 2.207, P=0.007), family income (OR=0.65, 95% CI;0.489-0.865, P=0.003), and breastfeeding knowledge (OR=1.3, 95% CI;1.101-1.428, P=0.001) contributed to breastfeeding status.

Raising the mothers’ knowledge of breastfeeding by considering the role of husbands, health workers, and grandmothers could help in choosing breast milk for feeding infants aged ≤2 years.

Hospitals are the first-line care providers in natural disasters. Nurses, as one of the critical health professional groups, require adequate peroration for responding to natural disasters. Due attention has to be paid to various teaching methods to improve the level of nurses’ preparedness. 

This study compared the effect of lecturing and lecturing-tabletop exercise methods on the level of nurses’ preparedness against natural disasters. 

In this quasi-experimental study, 74 nurses were randomly selected from different wards at a hospital in Yazd City, Iran, in 2017. Nurses’ preparedness level was measured with the 72-item Scale for Nurses’ Preparedness against Natural Disasters, including three areas of knowledge, attitude, and performance. The study participants were assigned into group A (lecturing method, n=37) and group B (lecturing-tabletop exercise method, n=37) using a simple random sampling technique. Nurses’ level of preparedness was measured three times (pre- and post-intervention, and follow-up) using the Preparedness for Disasters questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed applying repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Paired Samples t-test. 

The mean scores of nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and performance were increased by 4.94, 7.38, and 5.59 in group A as well as 6.56, 11.43, and 6.08 in group B. Additionally, the total score of nurses’ preparedness in group B was significantly higher at Pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up (107.89±7.50) (P=0.0001). 

Education ( lecturing and lecturing-tabletop exercise methods) positively affected nurses’ preparedness. However, it was more effective through lecturing-tabletop exercise methods due to having a scenario and the better participation of nurses in the learning process. This finding emphasizes the positive effect of participants’ interactions in the tabletop exercise method on the quality of education, critical skill, and increased level of nurses’ preparedness against natural disasters.

Childbearing results from a productive behavior within the family arisen from couples’ decision to have children. The role of men in making decisions about childbearing and their intentions are often overlooked in studies.

This study aimed to investigate males’ first childbearing decision and their contributing factors.

This was an analytical and cross-sectional study. In total, 300 married men aged 18-45 years participated in this study. The subjects accompanied their wives with the first pregnancy to receive prenatal care at hospitals and private health centers of Shahroud County, Iran. They were selected randomly. The required data were collected using A demographic form, Snyder’s Adult Hope Scale (AHS), and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. The correlation between study variables was examined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression analysis.

  The mean age at first childbearing decision and age at marriage in men were 28.8±3.74 and 25.59±3.68 years, respectively. Among the factors related to first childbearing decision, age at marriage suggested the highest association (r=0.89, P=0.001). The age at first childbearing decision also had a statistically significant relationship with marriage duration (r=0.29, P=0.001), and education (r=0.16, P=0.001). Quality of life had a negative significant correlation with it (r=-0.22, P=0.001). Age at marriage revealed the highest power for predicting contributing factors. With the 10-year increase in men's marriage age, the age at first childbearing decision increased by 8.9 years; with the 1-point increase in quality of life score, the age decreased by 0.09 years, if other variables remained constant.

Age at marriage and quality of life could affect age at first childbearing decisions in men. The healthcare team and policymakers should facilitate childbearing conditions. This could be achieved by providing accurate knowledge about these factors. As a result, men can achieve the desired number of children at the right time.

Medical errors are among significant health system problems. The best method to detect errors is to identify the root and systemic causes of errors.

This study aimed to investigate the failures of clinical care in emergency departments using the Healthcare Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (HFMEA).

This was an analytical and cross-sectional study. The required data were collected qualitatively and quantitatively using focus group discussions in emergency departments. The study population consisted of all emergency department nurses. Study samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. By the HFMEA method, Risk Priority Number (RPN) was calculated to reach failure modes and those with RPN>216 were identified as the most frequent and risky errors. 

A total number of 67 failure modes were identified for 26 clinical care processes.The errors with the highest RPN were “the lack of oxygenation during airway suctioning” and “the lack of airway suctioning during ventilator weaning process”; they related to the respiratory system care with RPN=336. The error with the lowest RPN was “the lack of signing verbal orders by two nurses”; related to the general practice with RPN=8.

Investigating the causes and effects of these errors, controlling, and suggesting measures indicate the high efficiency of the HFMEA method. It also suggested the preventability of these errors by increasing the knowledge and awareness of the training staff by providing training courses.

Low nursing occupational prestige is the major challenge in nursing as a job in Iran. A high occupational prestige naturally causes self-esteem in the individuals and succeeding mainly with a job satisfaction.

Considering the importance and necessity of the nursing occupational prestige, this study aimed to evaluate occupational prestige and its relationship with some demographic characteristics of the nurses.

This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on all nurses occupied in the hospitals of Kashmar City in 2018, with 230 persons. Data were collected using a validated and reliable Nursing Occupational Prestige Questionnaire. Scores ranged 16-64. Scores 27-38 indicate low occupational prestige, 39-50 shows moderate occupational prestige, and 51-64 shows high occupational prestige. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics tests (Spearman correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U).

The mean score of occupational prestige of the subjects was 44.09±6.18. Results showed that 21.3% (n=47) of participants had low occupational prestige, 65.5% (n=144) had moderate occupational prestige and 13.2% (n=29) had high occupational prestige. There was a significant relationship between occupational prestige and level of education (P=0.01), university of education (P=0.01), and nurses’ organizational position (P=0.05).

Most nurses had moderate occupational prestige. Nursing managers are recommended to develop a comprehensive plan to improve the occupational prestige of nurses working in hospitals. Since there is a significant relationship between the level of nursing education and the perception of occupational prestige, it seems that providing the appropriate conditions to enhance the level of nursing education can be effective in promoting the occupational prestige they feel they deserve.

A ppropriate nutrition is a major health objective in children’s early years. Eating problems among children as well as low awareness and the unsuitable function of mothers in this regard could result in complications for children and their families.

We aimed to determine the effect of an integrated training on the mothers of 1- to 3-year-old children with eating problems.

This was a two-group quasi-experimental study. In total, 70 mothers of 1 to 3-year-old children with eating problems visiting health centers in Rasht City, Iran, participated in this research. They were selected through a nonrandom sampling method. Then, the samples were assigned into the case and control groups by random block sampling technique. The case group received integrated training. The training sessions were held during three consecutive weeks as two in-person sessions along with presenting an educational CD. Moreover, a virtual session was provided to the study subjects through text messages. The children’s eating problems’ data were recorded using food preference questionnaire (FPQ) measuring eating problems in toddlers (including 5 areas of water satisfaction with eating, mother tension during eating, eating different food types, eating behavior, and food dependence physical signs) before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention by the mothers. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential (t-test, Chi-squared test) statistics.

The achieved results indicated no significant difference in the eating problems of toddlers before the intervention in the case and treatment groups. Such lack of difference was in terms of mothers’ satisfaction with child’s eating, and the child’s eating behavior, stress during the child’s eating, and eating different food types. However, immediately and one month after the training, the t-test and Chi-squared test results indicated improved mothers’ satisfaction with children’s eating (P=0.0001) and reduced stress in mothers during children’s eating (P=0.0001). Nevertheless, in the two areas of eating behavior and eating different food types, no significant differences were observed.

The obtained results suggested that toddlers’ eating problems could be improved by providing integrated training programs to their mothers.