International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development
Volume:8 Issue: 4, Autumn 2018

Urban sprawl, or the unplanned and uncontrolled spreading out of built-up areas in Zaria urban area causes problems of congestion, poor urban basic infrastructure delivery and poor urban planning. This paper analyzed the pattern and implications of urban sprawl using GIS and Remote sensing as an improved approach to analyze and explain sprawling beyond the traditional spatial or cartographic mapping and monitoring method which lacks the effectiveness to analyze and explain the details of spatiotemporal dimensions of urban sprawl. Map overlay analysis was used to calculate the rate and magnitude of the growth pattern for the four epochs of 1976, 1990, 2000 and 2014 if it could be regarded as sprawl. Results revealed that ribbon and leap-frog pattern of sprawl had fully developed North-South at approximately 25km stretch (Kano-Kaduna road) and 16km East-West on the regional arterial roads (Sokoto road and Jos road). Findings also revealed that the sprawl patterns were as a result of rapid urban population growth, increase demand for land, poor urban planning and social segregation with their respective implications. The causes of having such widespread urban sprawl needs to be studied in order to control the City’s growth.

One of basic principles in designing treatment environments is to design air conditioning/ventilation system proportionate to environment. Essentially, appropriate air conditioner in treatment spaces must bear the following capabilities: providing healthy and clean air, reducing the concentration of pollutants produced in the atmosphere, emission of pollutants and impeding their spread in exterior space. Due to significance of the foregoing items in designing treatment spaces, in this research which has been conducted by descriptive-analytic method and using library studies, examination of hybrid ventilation system in treatment environments have been dealt with. Designing air conditioners in hospitals include ventilation design methods in form of natural/passive, mechanical, and hybrid ventilation systems. In this research, innovative design approach of hybrid ventilation system of hospitals have been introduced; having studied architecture of Iranian windtowers and greenhouse behavior of building façade and advantages and disadvantages of this system and superiority of the proposed system have been addressed. The system will be designed by using triple-walled shell (for the purpose of heating in winter season and airflow circulation in summer season) and cooling tower (plan design by viewing a vertical space in overall volume of the project and having direct access to AHU Rooms) A considerable advantage of this method is to reduce amount of energy consumption and subsequently decreased suction fan rotation period in cooling tower system as well as energy consumption reduction for heating air via fancoil.

Green Marketing is becoming a buzz for the society nowadays and people start shifting their demands towards a product which is related towards environmental safeguard. Nowadays companies from different industries sectors are showing their keen interest and taking various initiatives towards green marking. Electronic products having eco safeguard and are less detrimental to the environment are labeled as Energy star by United States Environmental Protection Agency In the United States, 2% of annual electricity consumption accounts for personal computers. The requirement of Energy Star labels is of computers, which possesses 65 % more efficiency label than regular products. By adopting these computers, $1.2 billion will be saved by the industries over the product’s life. In the year 2012, the Environmental Protection Agency Partnership with Walmart based on Green Power recognized Walmart in the United States as the largest green power generator. In year 2012, Walmart was able to deliver 297 million more cases while reducing the drive by 11 million miles, which in 2012 alone increases fleet efficiency by 10 percent. This present study aims to identify emerging areas in green marketing in different sectors of industries exploring the scope and effectiveness of the same in developing countries.

Network of public spaces composes of a network of interconnected land use and various elements of the city, such as synthetic and natural which shows the city as a whole. Network structure of public spaces is important because understanding this network as a structure presents us the formation of the city. This paper attempts to define the status of the network of public spaces in the city structure and to accomplish goals which leads to integration, interconnectedness and cohesion of public space network. For this purpose, a descriptive-analytic method was used and the standards and design principles were taken from the literature review. For collecting the data, Moalem Boulevard in Mashhad/Iran was investigated and analyzed with respect to the physical, functional, visual, social, and historical dimensions of public spaces. Finally, three conceptual options such as a linear pattern, a centralized pattern and a distribution pattern were presented. The results show the factors, criteria, characteristics, urban design framework, policies and strategies to integrate the structure of public spaces network in the area under investigation.

This article is about the comparative study of symbol in architecture and contemporary Seljuk tombs in Iran. Art is one of the arts associated with various sciences and science concepts, and various features of footprints can be seen. The signs and symbols of architectural buildings and monuments can be helpful. especially for the beauty of motifs and composition, and roles and indications suggest deep thinking and high precision. For example, some architectonic art harmony such as symmetry, proportionality, balance, balance, matching, agreement, similarity, consistency, alignment, and equality are noted. The main question is whether there are similarities and differences between the use of the symbol and sign in the works of the monuments of the two periods of Seljuk and contemporary Iran? The aim of study is to study the architectural monuments of two architectural periods in Iran, with reference to types of signs and symbols of presenting the classification of the places of application of symbols and signs in architectural works. The methodology of this research is based on library studies and existing documents, and the gathering of data and deductions from the issues raised in relation to various types of symbols and signs, its application in the contemporary Seljuk and contemporary Iranian architecture, and research on similar examples. Finally, studying the research of other scholars, compares the architecture of the Seljuk and contemporary period of the Iranian monument with, the perspective of differences, similarities, the use of symbols and signs in the context of architecture.

Social diversity in the neighborhood districts has been the new approach for the challenges resulting from varieties in cities. Social interpreters of this policy are to create neighborhoods where people of different ages, ethnic-racial backgrounds, income, etc. take a place in it. In this regard, many designers by using the concept of different forms of ownership such as housing schemas, different types of constructing and housing etc. have tried to promote it. Due to the less interest that came toward this issue, the knowledge of this mechanism is poor in urban ecology of Iran. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of urban design in promoting the social mixing which is determined with the research of the Abadan community areas. Relevant parameters have been studied with library studies, field visits and by the use of qualitative and quantitative analytical methods. Therefore, after reviewing the relevant concepts, we are going to test hypotheses by the examination of case studies, and finally, the influences of urban design criteria are presented.

The existence of brownfields in cities, and their common disadvantages, such as pollution and their detriment to natural habitats, have damaged local communities and their environment over time. Whereas the renovation and regeneration of these brownfields and transforming them into centers of activity could assist the economy and society to flourish. At the same time improving the quality of the environment could allow us to attain healthier, more attractive and safer communities. A neighborhood is a social network with a social and regional identity and a place where social interactions occurs. Focusing on enriching the neighborhood, nourishing social life and meeting the social and intellectual needs of the individual. The renovation of the defunct strip of land where the Tehran-Tabriz railway existed and its transformation into a linear park does not only have a positive effect on the local economy and environment but also connects the northern and southern sections of Yaftabad, by increasing safety and social interactions and enriches the local community. This research aimed to answer the following questions: 1- What are the guidelines of improving urban development and the quality of life of the people in regarding restoration and renovation of useless lands? 2- Is the construction of a ‘Green’ Pathways on the borders of brownfields could integrate neighborhoods? In order to address these questions, a descriptive-analytical method was used. In addition to library research and analysis of previously tested procedures in this field, by the help of a questionnaires, which was distributed through local population to specify their requested standards and quality requirements. The results showed that the people greatly desired this brownfield regeneration to a new improved environment and community. In the planning segment, with attention to standards set by the people, suggestions were presented.