Research in Molecular Medicine
Volume:7 Issue: 4, Nov 2019

Cancer is amongst the leading reasons of death in all parts of the world. Breast cancer is also responsible for the largest number of deaths among women population. Several studies confirmed that Bifidobacterium bifidum as a probiotic meaningfully inhibited breast cancer development. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of B. bifidum supernatant on the cell growth inhibition of the breast cancer 4T1 cell line, in vitro.
The present experimental work was conducted at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (MAZUMS), Sari, Iran. B. bifidum was cultured in the MRS broth at 37°C for 72 hours anaerobically and the B. bifidum supernatant (BS) was prepared by the freezing-thawing procedure. The cell growth inhibition of the probiotic strain was assessed using the MTT assay through breast cancer (4T1) cell line.
The results showed that the supernatant extracted from B.bifidum strain had good antiproliferative effects against 4T1 cancer cell line, compared to control group. The inhibitory effects growing with increased time.
B. bifidum supernatant could be considered as a as potential probiotic candidates in the treatment of breast cancer. However, further in vitro/in vivo studies are required to complement our initial findings.

DAB389IL-2 is considered a fusion immunotoxin and it is used for the CTCL therapy. DAB389IL-2 includes of two distinct portions; the catalytic domain of diphtheria toxin and IL-2. DAB389IL-2 duo to the presence of a free cysteine residue (Cys 513 in IL-2 part) is prone to unwanted intramolecular and intermolecular disulfide bonds formation and aggregation problems. Aggregation is considered as the most common physical instability. PEGylation is an effective approach to increase the stability and half-life of therapeutic proteins.

In this study, the PEGylation of recombinant DAB389IL-2 was performed by mPEG-vinylsulfone, through partial denaturation condition at 4 0C for 24 h. To confirm the PEGylation reaction, SDS-PAGE and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) was used. The structure of DAB389IL-2 and PEGylated immunotoxin DAB389IL-2 was analyzed using the circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence methods. Also, K562 cells line were treated with various concentrations of DAB389IL-2 and conjugated form. In the following, the nuclease activity of DAB389IL-2 and PEGylated form was determined.

The SDS-PAGE result confirmed the site-specific PEGylation of DAB389IL-2. Spectroscopy results exhibited that the PEGylation doesn’t affect the protein native structure. Also, cytotoxicity assay and nuclease activity test confirmed that PEGylated protein induces death in K562 cells line and DNA degradation respectively.  

It is concluded that the PEGylated immunotoxin DAB389IL-2 has a proper structure and function; thus, PEGylated immunotoxin requires more survey due its unique properties.

In addition to cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, mounting evidences demonstrate that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in asthma relevant genes have a role in conferring susceptibility to the disease. CHI3L1 is secreted from macrophages, neutrophils, and airway epithelial cells through an IL-13 related mechanism and contributes to tissue remodeling during asthma. Aim of study was to investigate the possible association of rs4950928 SNP in Chiti3L1 gene with predisposition to allergic asthma in Iranian Northwestern Azeri population.

Frequency of genotypes and alleles of rs4950928 SNP in Chiti3L1 gene was determined using TaqMan genotyping method in 190 patients with asthma and 190 healthy controls.

Genotype analyzing showed that CC genotype is more frequent (68.4%) among case group vs 57.9% in control group while GG genotype is more abundant (7.9%) among control group vs 3.2% in case group. Furthermore, according to odds ratio (case/ control = 0.611), C allele could be the risk allele whereas G allele can be considered as the protective allele.

There is a significant relationship between CHI3L1 rs4950928 (-131 C/G) polymorphism and asthma in studied population (P=0.038, <0.05). Patients with asthma were mostly found to have C allele whereas most of the healthy individuals had G allele in their genotype.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a highly virulent bacterium. It causes opportunistic and nosocomial infections and is a threat to healthcare settings. It has also developed multidrug resistance (MDR) capacity. The nosocomial bacteria and antibiotic resistance are primordial and a significant public health concern. These bacteria and their threat can be prevented by reducing infected foodstuffs. Thus, in this study, we investigated A. baumannii isolated from foods in Ardabil City, Iran, and assessed their antibiotic resistance patterns.
The identification of bacterium was made by cell morphological and biochemical tests, including sulfide indole motility medium, Simmons citrate agar, the triple sugar Iron test, urease, catalase and oxidase test. Also, gene BlaOXA-51 was targeted with the polymerase chain reaction test to select potential MDR strains. The disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. For the detection of antibiotic resistance genes, β-lactamase was conducted with phenotypic and genotypic assays using the combined disk test and PCR.
Among 100 samples, 27 strains of A. baumannii were isolated. Some antibiotics like imipenem showed 100% sensitivity, and ampicillin-sulbactam showed 100% resistance to isolates. Also, a multidrug resistance profile was assessed and the antibiotic-resistance β-lactamase genes were detected. The prevalence of genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamase in the isolates were as follows: SHV, 29.62%; TEM, 18.51%; PER, 14.81%.
A. baumannii isolates showed the highest resistance towards ampicillin-sulbactam (100%) and the lowest resistance to imipenem (0%).These results emphasize the importance of detection and implementation of control measures to prevent the spread of A. baumannii in foodstuffs.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect diverse pathogen-associated molecular patterns and play a critical role in the innate immune response. Hosts should activate TLR-signaling pathways to eliminate invading pathogens. However, excessive activation of these pathways may interrupt immune homeostasis, leading to several diseases. Therefore precise regulation of TLR-signaling pathways is essential. Meanwhile, miRNAs (microRNAs) act similar to a class of small noncoding RNAs with gene regulatory functions. The regulation of TLR expression by miRNAs may be one of the valid points for targeting TLRs.
In this study, we predicted most of the microRNAs bind to the TLRs pathway in the chicken, based on the bioinformatic methods. All genes involved in the TLR signaling pathway in chicken species were extracted from the KEGG database (Entry: gga04620) and analyzed based on different applications.
We predicted 19 miRNAs for the 18 target genes of the TLR pathway that may provide essential clues for identifying novel drug targets for inflammatory diseases.
Substantial miRNA was found as gene regulators. As newly identified regulators, the performance mechanism of miRNAs in combination with other regulatory mechanisms will control the outcome of immune responses and these issues should be investigated in future studies

Nanoparticles (NPs) are colloidal systems with particles ranging 10-100 nm in dimension. Because of their large surface-volume ratio, NPs‎ are biologically active materials that could interact with biomolecules and microorganisms, enter into the cells and affect their metabolic functions. The study was aimed to biosynthesis, antifungal activity evaluation and Ag-nanostructure characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Capparis spinosa fruit aqueous extract.

Mareials and methods

 C. Spinosa fruit aqueous was prepared using percolation method. Afterward, silver NPs‎ was synthesized using 0.01M silver nitrate solution and its formation was validated by color changing of the solution from green to dark brown‎. The NPs was purified ‎using centrifugation ant then dried in oven for next analyses. AgNPs nanostructure characterization was determined by various techniques such as FTIR, SEM and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Antifungal activity of AgNPs against three pathogenic fungi including Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Kluyveromyces marxianus was also evaluated using microdilution method.

Synthesis of AgNPs from aqueous extract of C. spinosa fruit was done successfully. Uv-vis spectrum of AgNPs showed an absorbance peak around 420 nm, revealing AgNPs surface plasmon resonance (Kmax). FTIR analysis showed functional groups correspond to plant bioactive components promoting the formation of AgNPs.Furthermore, spherical uniformity of synthesized AgNPs from plant extract was confirmed by SEM analysis as a range size of 50 to 80 nm. Our results showed that the produced AgNPs were in a suitable form, in size (50-80nm) and spherical. The biosynthesized AgNPs had inhibitory effect against all tested fungi with MIC (µg/ml) of 2500, 5000 and 625 and MBC (µg/ml) of 10000, 10000 and 156.25 for C. albicans, C. glabrata and K. marxianus, respectively.

According to Uv-vis spectrum, FTIR and SEM analyses results, we succeed to synthesis AgNPs from C. spinosa fruit aqueous extract. This was the first report of AgNPs synthesized from aqueous extract of C. spinosa fruit. Our simple, quick and inexpensive method for biosynthesis of a nanoparticle which showed antifungal activity can suggest a new potential antifungal agent for therapeutic applications.