نشریه زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 32 (پاییز 1396)

Structural approach to literary works due to the investigation of the elements of the text and the discovery of their interconnection pattern provides the ground for obtaining a more appropriate literary nature and by presenting the works of creating the works of the supreme literary works can extend the patterns of the processing of the literary help slow.Keywords: Simynodshan, Shushoon, Bramon, Proceedings, Narrative, Structure. A group of structuralist critics has studied the elements of the story, their narrative forms, and their rules of composition. In the meantime, Claude Burmen proposes a scheme based on the concept of relationships between the smallest units, with the advent of a system based on the form. The famous novel, soovashoon, is a great work for you, with multiple axes and streams shaping it. In order to examine the structure of the text of this novel, we must inevitably extract its outline and then analyze it. In the distribution of the novel, the original design, characters, the extent of participation in the chain of events and their role in building up the peak are of great importance. The power of a realistic novel is among them in terms of the number of complete advancements and the way in which it is organized and causal relationships. The number of major hits usually depends on the number of points of the story's height. Each person plays a role in multiple novels during a novel, but they do not play a central role in creating the main building of the story. So the novella Swishon, a logical combination is a logical combination of axial transitions that is intrinsically linked to subordinate and secondary sequences, and the number of its characters is influenced by factors such as the number of major narrative stories of powerful narratives, They are targeted with each other, the overall atmosphere and the subject matter.

Although T.S. Eliot's "The Waste Land" and Forugh Farrokhzad's "Let Us Believe in the Beginning of the Cold Season" seem to be different formally, in essence they have a correlated basis of similarity of views in modern men. The aim of this study is to analyze the comparative study of these two poems in order to demonstrate the proof effectiveness of Forugh Farrokhzad from T.S. Eliot’s views. This study relied on the analytical method and by taking advantage of the library notes in order to achieve the main objective of this research. The results indicate that both these poems at the beginning and the ending have equally important ways. These poems are the texts which are ripped and shredded and are not cohesive in appearance; but the presence of seemingly unrelated structures and broken images in these poems have a targeted strategy for inducing anxiety of modern man and human social breakdown in these poets era. Allusions, which are the most important forms of intertextuality in these two poems, show that both the poets made their poetry into the space where a variety of concepts and images manifested in classical literature and originated religious texts in the line with the criticism of modern man.  In these both poems, combining each image with another one has made meaning throughout the poem. Similar thoughts and their shared imageries in these poems express the unity of the needs of modern men with consistency problems and problems of modern life.

In recent years, psychologists have seriously studied the role of hope in human life. Utilizing a hopeful attitude in literature, while making a targeted effort in humans, will ensure its mental health. In the Collection of poems Shimin Behbahani, there are many promising concepts such as life expectancy, hope for beloved joins, hope for salvation, joy, and passion. The purpose of this research is to examine the concept of hope and its influential factors, such as faith, expectation and instability in the Collection of poems Simin Behbahani, based on Erich Fromm 's ideas. The research method is based on description and analysis. The results of this research show that the first of the first poems by Simin Behbahani will be more intense, the hope will be more intense, and he shares much with Erich Fromm 's ideas.

It has been for a long time that Color has had an important role in literature.poets are of/ a group of people who have used the colour element (base)for creating words and poetic pictures to show their work more impressive and leading.Undoubtedly, studying and investigating all the elements of a literary work is very important in the true identity of that work. In this research, in the descriptive-analytical method and (by) using the interdisciplinary knowledge of literature, sociology and psychology, describing and criticizing the aesthetics of colour in poems of one of the outstanding poets, Huraman , has been dealt with.researchers' purpose includes The study of colour and the method / the way it is used in the Bissarani's poetical works can open a new window for more discovery of / more knowledge about that valuable work and (also) its great poet. It has been tried / endeavoured that all the colours which exist in the Bissarani's poetical works be examined from the point of view of psychology and aesthetics through mentioning examples , Bissarani's world and colour running of different aspects of his life be imagined in his poems and a window be opened to the poet's perception and sensation.The black colour is more frequent than rest of the other colours. However, the excessive repetition of the black colour in a literary work can be a reflection / an indication of the hopelessness as well as the life's difficulties, hardships which (this) is a negative aspect of the black colour. The black colour, however, has been used for the description of eye and eyebrows and hair/ringlet / lock of hair of a / of one's sweetheart and also creation of beautiful images beside the white colour of her face which this is the positive aspect of the black colour.

Chronogram defined as an inscription,sentence,or phrase in which letters express a date or epoch being added together by their values. This technique has been converted to complicated forms due to its progress during Safavid empire and Kajar period. Hence it became the point of attention and preoccupation among different political parties. They put upon it directly in the historical evolutions in order to prove their legitimacy as well as to deny their opponents. Auther of this study has been attempted to examine parts of those historical evolutions namelyadvence of Safavid empire,accession of Shah Ismaiel,formation of Shah Tahmasb army,conquring of India in Shah abbas period,accession of Nadir Shah and signing of Mashrutah constitution. As revealed by the author, most of the above mentioned evolutions indirectly express several hidden social and historical issues. The focal point is that probably they can be used for various historical analysis according to the codeswitching theory.

One of the new schools in the field of linguistics, cognitive linguistics, which examines the relationship between human language, his mind, he pays physical and social experiences. The beliefs of the followers of this school is that of language, thought patterns and reflects the characteristics of the human mind. The study of language is the study of mental models spokesman. Discussion image schemas is interseting infrastructure in the studies of cognitive semantics. Human experience of the outside world, making creates in her infrastructure of mind that they convey in their own language To express abstract concepts in the form of their. This image schemas have the same conceptual structures. In this paper we examine the cognitive concept of "love" as one of the main aspects of thinking Saadi in Golestan be addressed. The Prime definitions and descriptions Saadi About Love were produced in the framework of the image schemas, path schema, Force schema meaning the motion and it was through content analysis. As a result, it was: Saadi v schema metaphor to express the concept of "love is sea", the schema of motion to express "Love is Travel" and the scheme of power to express "love is king" is used. And the requirements for it to be able to love and understand the objective phenomena.

In the lyric works, using personal I (more) and social (less), the inner concerns of the owner of the work or creature's characters are narrated. The element of feeling in this literary form is especially important. Obviously, human emotions do not fit into a particular literary form, and they are more or less created in all works created. Epic texts are no exception to this rule. In epic narratives, we see the linkage of the inner issues of the characters with their exterior concerns. Each of the champions has human features and emotions and feelings are in the tune of their thoughts and speeches. Accordingly, in the present article, the frequent lyric components in the epic poem of Banoogoshasbname are investigated. It seems that the poet with mention of romantic adventures, descriptions, satire, prayers and supplications, demand, khayriyah-naraee, bastard and rebelliousness, and humor has visualized to abstract  and mental concerns of the wizards by using element of affection caused to more believability of characters and placed the audience in it while reducing the violent nature of epic stories. Also, part of the ancient aristocratic rituals and customs of the ancient Iranian have been shown with the lyric topics.