نشریه زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 22 (بهار 1394)

Although Persian literature’s progressed based on social revolutions and its prominent content is social and political events, a number of our contemporary poets, although have come up with community phenomena, but have valuable heritage of the predecessors so that they interest it in their poetries. Siyavash Kasraie, one of the contemporary poet, paid attention a lot to traditional literature, especially Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, and this eternal work was so respectful and worthy that he felt belonging to it. Kasraie has used the mythical and heroic personalities within its poetries intentionally. On the other hand, according to history of events, he often represented it as symbolic as it possible. He recreated old myths during a number of his works where “Red Piece” verse is the most important one. At his study, we study the symbolic reflection of mythical personalities within collection of poetries of Siyavash Kasraie and we want to answer the following question: what was the purpose of Kasraie concerning to recreation of myths?, which mythical personality has he represented during its poem and who are they?. Results show that Kasraie recreated the national myths in order to state his beliefs and ideas. He, also, paid attention a lot to “Siyavash” and “Sohrab” among mythical personalities as well as considered it for combative and militant youths.

“Determinism and Freewill” along with subjects like: Imamat, good and evil, simile and transcendent and... , of the high frequency concepts in theology, philosophy and Islamic mysticism that were assigned comprehensive research. So, this problematic subject is one of the oldest and the most disputable topics that direct theologians, philosophers and great Islamic mystics’ attention to it over the ages.So, for significance and the extent of “determinism and freewill” and also unknown dimensions of it, the author thies to study ‘Iyn al-Quzzāt’s viewpoint - one of the great Islamic mystics of Khosravani’s school- about “determinism and freewill” from two dimensions: love and theological-philosophical, in mystical Farsi prose texts. This paper also tries to answer this question that in his viewpoint, if the man is in the core of determinism or in the domain of freewill?Outcome of this research show that ‘Iyn al-Quzzāt’s in love believes to absolute amorous- mystical determinism, and in mystical-philosophical viewpoint believes to all three subjects: determinism, freewill and “Amron Bein al-Amrain” (mediocrity, so- so).

From the formalists' point of view the purpose of poetry is to reduce or vanish the signs of being routine, when conveying content.Defamilirization creates foregrounding in a text using deviation and extra regularity. Geoffrey Leech thinks of deviation as a poetry making tool and extra regularity as a verse making one. He made a systematic summary of deviation. In his book, A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry (1969), he categorized deviation into eight types, i.e. lexical deviation, grammatical deviation, phonological deviation, graphological deviation, semantic deviation, dialectal deviation, deviation of register and deviation of historical period. Safavi in his " from linguistics to literature: volume II" believes that the dialectal deviation grammatical deviation and phonological deviation are not poetry making tools since they don’t change the content.Here using an analytical posteriori way different deviations have been analyzed in Naderpour poems. We concluded that he has used many deviations among which the period, semantic and grammatical ones have been used more.

Nima Yooshij (father of Persian poetry) and Nazok Almalaekh, (contemporary poetess of Iraq) pioneer of free verse in Arabic, have some similarities from the viewpoint of time and geography and literature that are valuable to study and review. These two poets became the origens of new feeling and knowledge among the people, they revived their contemporary poetry without deviation of traditions. Familiarity of both poets with European languages and social and political conditions of their society and literature leads to common and similar poetries and being im the poems. In this essay, the author after studying Modern poetry in Persian and Arabic, as well as the lives of two poets, review and analyzes commonalities and differences between the two poets with a comerative approach.

In cognitive linguistics, metaphor is not generally a linguistic or specifically a literary phenomenon. But it is a cognitive and mental one through which what we see in language is a mere representation. In fact, literary and aesthetic metaphors are just subcategories of metaphors. The present research is an attempt to study different types of metaphors in Hafez Shirazi’s poems based on cognitive linguistics. To carry out the study, first of all the sonnets were scrutinized and then instances of ontological, structural, and directional metaphors were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study revealed that the poet had used these metaphors with the frequency of 77.85%, 15.24%, and 6.91% respectively. Furthermore, the study showed that the poet had used love, mystic, rougish, eulogical, and philosophical mappings in stating ontological metaphors. he had used right, inside, outside, niche, high, front, down, base, head, and far directions to convey directional metaphors.

One of the most fundamental issues of human societies is the problem of proper training and offering educational programs to those areas of policy that has not stopped the development of all aspects of society. Today, the promotion and dissemination of religious culture in Muslim countries is heavily influenced by foreign culture and religion is one of the requirements of human life in the name of modernity on the verge of collapse, In Islamic society to religious sources, including the Quran, books of validity and effects of such highly paid executives and operators are cultural. Ancient doctrines and teachings of Quran and traditions with innovations worthy of poets and writers to spread religious literature and to provide a great educational power of lifestyle patterns enjoys. One of the great poets of the era of the Abbasid poet, Abu Altahyh, intellectual poetry in the composition is of particular mastery. Naser Khosrow, poet and travel writer of Ghaznavi era in writing these poems took advantage of the unique skill. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the most valuable and the most noble principles of Islamic ethics in the light of poetry of Abe Altahyh Naser Khosrow Qbadyany.

Najib Mahfouz probably under the influence of colonial and stereotyped ideas about women of East West, the most famous story by looking at the middle class and poor communities has written. In this story using the characters wear, portrays a world that, although unrelated to the respondent East, but there is so negative in their views of laughter .these figures are influenced by the western colonialists were .In this paper, after analyzing the attitudes of the West towards the East and the expression of the story, the story we will explore a variety of characterization of women in the area and came to the conclusion that we will describe the personality of women in the work of the famous how noble values of non-western countries, is consistent and what impact it will leave the audience in mind.

One of the ways the evolution of poetry and diversification of its contents, use a variety of terms, such as medicine, astronomy ..., the myth of national, religious, historical events, verses and sayings, news and likes to show his abilities in the juice it is Shrkhvysh For more information about the poetry and beauty of these innovations in subsidies. In addition, scientific, literary, educational and social environment and events in the mind and puts Shartasyr poetry, some of them for trial or within Vtb fancy art and show his skill to hold their poetry from the past, and even poets poetry Masrkhvd The effects are excellent.He has been creative material world Shvd somewhat mature poetry is effective and the best representative of Ghazni age Manouchehri Damghani that nature are described in the Court's alive. He obtained his poetic images of sensory experience, its unique style that gather images and imagination are not poets before his term in nature and trend objects, things look from their perspective.

The term hermeneutics is originally Greek and adapted from the verb hermeneuin which means “to interpret”. This concept was used in Plato’s period, but since seventeenth century, it was used as a concept relating to a special branch of human science. Hermeneutics was a subject in the area of interpretation and Quranic sciences and has created intellectual challenges among Islamic scholars. Hermeneutics has multiple meanings and the inner meaning of the Holy Quran is one of them. Some writers provided special hermeneutics from prophets’ life stories in the Quran. In his second stage of life, Sanai (473-535 AH) began a modern method in the sonnet, some of ballades and Masnavies using techniques called hermeneutics today – depending on stories of the prophets in the Holy Quran verses – and viewed many affairs from religion and mysticism perspectives. Authors of the present paper addressed the reflection of the Qisas Al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) in “Hadiqat al Haqiqa va Shariat at Tariqa” based on the hermeneutics model. The results of studies on five prophets were provided in six diagrams – in terms of their in Suras and their frequency in verses - and it was determined that these stories were analyzed by Sanai with a mystical and hermeneutic approach. He generally emphasized the leave of worldly attachments and love for the eternal God.