نشریه زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 15 (تابستان 1392)

Translation work, opening a new window on the effect of cross-border travel, his novel idea for dealing with language and to make strenuous. Translated in both languages Tkapvyy valuable to arise. The first English translation of the original work that is dealing with it other than that you should receive your pass The effect.Translated Tvandgvnh of cultural and linguistic change is the passing of knowledge achieved in virtually any language interpreter translated the work with little tolerance towards creating a new one take into account the even Will admit that the root of the source .Don Quixote, one of the world literature translated Nvadr Muhammad Ghazi, a symbol and measure important parameters to be translated. Trustee in respect of the translation of words, without damaging the nature of the interference effect in the choice of words, choose the style in keeping with the atmosphere of the novel, the best way to choose the arrangement of sentences and the most important benefit of smart inherent in maintaining the originality of the work and adherence to the logical structure of the novel , which has some characteristics in comparison with the ancient texts of Persian language and literature reveals more and better place. In this study we are trying to corner some of the light Study of Muhammad Ghazi, the translation of this valuable work, some aspects of linguistic very artistic and elaborate effects that are observed to introduce .

This paper aims at investigating the strategies and techniques in the social practice of translations done by Mohammad Ghazi. With this purpose in view, the study has opted for the research method of discourses–based historicism. The research data were collected from Ghazi's interviews and talks with people, newspapers and print media. Attempt was made to analyze the data to identify and explain the key concepts of power, ideology, Ghazi's strategies and techniques and interrelationships   among   these   concepts   throughout   Ghazi's   long translation career which spanned several decades. The research findings indicate that Ghazi has designed the social practice of translation in terms of a particular ideology, a particular literary genre along with techniques concordant with translator's ideology within certain politico-social discourses in order to achieve certain goals.

The main purpose of this research is the evaluation and comparison of the quality of two translations of “Don Quixote” by Miguel De Cervantes,the famous Spanish writer. Amongst various models for quality assessment of translation, Garces model (1994) has been chosen as the framework of this research. The model contains 4 different levels. These levels  are  semantic-lexical  level,  syntactic-morphological  level, discursive-  functional  level  and  stylistic-pragmatic  level.  Each  one  of these  levels  has  also  sub-groups  and  special  parts  based  on  which translated texts will be measured and assessed. The results which were presented in the form of distributive tables, show the frequency of each sub-part.  By  calculating  the  abundant  quantities  of  4  aforementioned levels and subgroups, determination the quantities of common areas in all translations (Addition, Suppression and conservation), calculating the quantity of employed rhetorical figures in translated literary texts on the basis of three factors (conservation, variation and suppression), and finally the quality of translations on the basis of two parameters of acceptability and adequacy with regard to positive and negative markers, the research came to the conclusion that based on their quality, the translations are classified as follows: A.positive markers: 1.Translation of Mohammad Ghazi (1960) 2.Translation of ZabihollahMansouri (2011), B. negative markers: 1. Translation of ZabihollahMansouri  (2011)2. Translation of Mohammad Ghazi (1960).

One  of  the  characteristics  of  the  field  of  translation  studies  that distinguishes it from other fields of knowledge is its inter-disciplinarity. This inter-disciplinarity has two main reasons: The first is the way of its coming to existence which is the result of joining the research fields such as: contrastive analysis, comparative literature, translator training courses and historical research in translation. The second reason is related to the nature of the translation itself. Translation in both meanings i.e. the linguistic product or the process of transferring message from one culture to another has the capacity to be investigated through very different theoretical frameworks and common research techniques in different research fields such as: literature, linguistics, art research, history, philosophy, technology information, training, inter-cultural studies, sociology and etc. The present study is a sociological glance on the works and the personality of Mohammad Qazi from the Bourdieu’s theory of practice perspective. This theory poses the dialectic relationship between Field and Habitus. In the first part of this study, an analysis of the above- mentioned concepts of the theory will be presented; the author next investigates the relationship between these concepts and Qazi and his translations briefly.

According to Halliday& R.Hassan, semantic cohesion is defined as "a semantic concept" and refers to the semantic relationships between the elements of a text.The understanding of some textual elements can be facilitatedbased on the functions of these relationships. One element presupposes the other and this means that the second element cannot be understood without the first one. Therefore, the relationships between the textual elements lead to the cohesion and consistence of the text. Classifying the cohesive elements, this paper is conducted to analyze one of Shamloo`s poems by using Halliday& Hassan`s theory of cohesion and cohesive  harmony.  And  finally,  the  elements  are  investigated  which consist each cohesive chain. The results show that this poem is cohesive and its grammatical cohesion is more than its lexical cohesion. The majority of  instances  of  grammatical  cohesion  are  related  to  personal reference. Applying this theory, we can measure the degree of cohesion in all the poems by Shamloo and any other poet.

Ahmad Dehghan is one of the most famous writers of the fiction about sacred defense in recent decade. Among his works, a set of stories named "I’m your son’s killer" is one of his masterpieces which contain several short stories. Element analysis of this book, in the field of war, made him famous; hence the recent article tries to show the connection between its parts, elements and interior components and tries to prove the ability of Dehghan in writing short  stories such as romance, diaries, showing that this writer is familiar with the principles and premises of short stories and was able to present the master piece in the field of fiction about sacreddefenseby skillful initiating and ending,planning,coherent plot, suitable personification, effective scenes and using attractive, authentic stories with special speech styles.Research method is based on qualitative descriptive-analytic, data driven and the categorization gained descriptively on the basis of note taking, resources and information, then it has been analyzed deductively from part to whole.

The  concept  of  freedom  has  beenexpressed  in  different  ways  in differentcultures and societies. This expression has a special place among African  and  Asian  nations  such  as  Iran  tasting  the  bitter  sense  of despotism and colonialism.Poets in such nations have constantly used their poetic  and  gentle  soul  to  cry  for  freedom  and  they  have  played  an important role to inform people of their rights. FaroukiYazdi and A. Alshaby are both have been introduced as “liberal poets”. The concept of freedom in their verses are expressedand definedwith words like freedom, law,  resistance  against  colonialism, dictatorship.  Authors  in  this  paper have tried to introduce and study the two poetsin a comparative ways as liberal literary writers whose poems are enriched with expressions of freedom. Consequently, this study shows that the word and concept of freedom has a special place in their poetry. The only difference and exception between these poets is that the concept of freedom has more varied range of meaning in FaroukiYazdi’s poetryincomparison with Alshaby’s.

Arash   storyas   Epic   and   majestic   nostalgiaisa   clear   exampleof Iranianancient culture that showschangethedestinyof anationbydedication ofaperson.Archer Arash poetry,Poemsof SiavashKasrayi is are-creation of this national epic. Thispoemshould beconsideredthe firstmodernepic poemthatiswritten inthenew style. Kasrayi wears eyefromthe historicaltruthof thisstoryandmakesits epic more than historicalfacts. He also  has  tried  to  portray  symbolically social  and  political  spaceof  the country inthe thirties by usinglinguistictechniques. Archer Arashlyricissongful ofthehopethatwaswritten in spacefull ofdespairafterthe coup of30th of August. Kasrayiwho is inspired by Savior emersion, knows Arashappearance, hopeof everyone inthe world. Inthis article with deliberationin Archer Arash poem, we tried to answerthefollowingtwo questions:1-Whichcapacitiesareusedforre-inventionthe myth ofArcher Arash and Strengthenaspects ofits epic?2- How much poethas beensuccessful Inorderto portrayaspects ofathletics?

Various studies have been conducted on how  to create Hindistyle. Political, economic and social issues and also check the Last Poets lyrics belong to old-style this case helps us. In this case, NizamAstarabadi's poetry that lived end of timuri era is remarkable. Our efforts in this paper have been Survey field’s formation Hindi style in Nizam's poems. After review we saw many of the Hindi style features as Parable, Equation, Far- fetched Poetic imagination the effect of ordinary language, Trend of shiee thought, Praise children Islam Prophet, Linguistic and Grammatical mistakes and textual Complexity.

Bahr al- Ferasat book is one of the valuable and unknown literary works of Obeid Allah KhishkiCheshti whom is one of the Persian Arifs and Language writers from Indian subcontinent   in eleventh Century of Hijri. This book is one of his prose literary works which explains and interpret poems of KhajehShirazi .The manuscript of this work is edited by the writer of this article thus with the perusals done on this manuscript, we tried to inspect the advantages and disadvantages of that, so this investigation is aimed to inspect in content Criticism way with this aim the first privileges and beauties with showing evidence from the text of the book, mentioned and then defects that. In all things wherever is necessary we explained other details existed in Divan of Hafiz.