فصلنامه پژوهش های روان شناسی اجتماعی
پیاپی 36 (زمستان 1398)

Teachers play the modeling role in many times. Many theorists have shown that prosocial behavior is affected by exposure to appropriate models. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between aggression and social perspective taking with prosocial behavior through the mediating role of social trust in teachers.

The research design is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all teachers working at schools in Sanandaj in 2017. in this study 425 techers were selected through categorical random sampling method. The participants completed the aggression (zahedifar, 1196), social perspective taking (mohaghegi and et al, 2016), pro-social behavior (penner, 2002), social trust(saffarinia and sharif, 2010) questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted by AMOS software using path analysis method.

The results showed that the final model has good fitness with the data. The path analysis model has determined that pro-social behavior is influenced by aggression and social perspective taking directly and indirectly through social trust. also, all research hypothesis are conformed.

Considering the significant effect of aggression and social perspective taking on pro-social behavior and the possibility of manipulation and training of these variables, the results of this study have implications for promoting community mental health.

Past studies indicate that prosocial behavior enhances mood. Most of these studies have only investigated mood enhancement in the specific situation that has triggered empathy; while prosocial behavior does not necessarily take place in the same situation. The goal of this study is to investigate the enhancement effect of prosocial behavior on mood between empathy-triggering situation and an unrelated situation. 60 students studying in universities of Tehran participated in this experiment. After inducing empathy & primary mood measurement, the first group conducted a situationally relevant prosocial behavior, the second group conducted a situationally irrelevant prosocial behavior, & the third group participated in a control task. Afterward, the mood of participants was measured again. After controlling for pre-test scores, prosocial behavior did not have a significant effect on negative affect (P = 0/47); but had a significant effect on positive affect (P = 0/011). Pairwise comparisons revealed that situationally irrelevant prosocial behavior enhanced positive affect more than the control task (P=0/009). Lower estimation of prosocial behavior’s success, uncertainty about improvement of the receiver’s situation, and dual perspective taking may contribute to stability of negative affect. The lack of significant difference between related prosocial behavior and control groups, and the difference between unrelated prosocial behavior and control group, can be understood by predictions of how unsuccessful prosocial behaviors are to be. This suggests that mood enhancement due to prosocial behavior is more about success of prosocial behavior rather than improving welfare of empathy subjects.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric indices of Procidano and Heller,s peer support questionnaire. The sample size of this study was 500 female high school students who were selected by cluster sampling method from public secondary high schools of Tehran respond to the questionnaire. The results of exploratory factor analysis by main components method, in addition to the general factor of peer social support questionnaire, confirmed 5 factors (support, care, assistance, information and feedback) for the procidano and Heller peer social support questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. The results showed that the questionnaire had acceptable internal consistency and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were below 0.87 to 0.88. . The results showed that the questionnaire had an acceptable internal consistency, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficients in the sub-scales ranged from 0.87 to 0.88. However, to determine the validity of the factor, a confirmatory factor analysis was used which the results of confirmatory factor analysis confirm that the structure of the questionnaire has an acceptable fit with the data and confirms all the indicators of goodness of fit of the model. Factor analysis findings were almost similar to that of the original culture, and the reliability and validity coefficients were close to the results of previous research. Therefore, considering the desirable psychometric properties of this questionnaire, this tool was a suitable tool for determining the social support peers, From the point of view of high school students.

The widespread negative effects of internet pornography as a growing issue in today’s world, has raised many questions about the factors influencing the tendency to it. The aim of the current study was to investigate the mediating role of attitude toward pornography and self-control in the relationship between religious commitment and tendency to internet pornography.

The study was a descriptive-correlation study. The statistical population consisted of all married men in Isfahan city. After informing via virtual social networks and a number of universities in Isfahan 123 married men voluntarily participated in the study by answering the questionnaire uploaded on a website. The used questionnaire were: The Pornography Craving Questionnaire (PCQ- Kraus & Rosenberg, 2014), Attitude toward pornography scale (Steelman, 2011), Religious Commitment Inventory (RCI-10- Worthington, et al, 2003) and Self Control Scale (SCS-Tangney, et al, 2004). For data analysis, structural equation modeling method with partial least squares (PLS) by the Warp-PLS software was used.

The results indicated that religious commitment both directly (ß=-0/25, P<0/01) and indirectly by the mediating role of attitude toward pornography (ß=-0/31, P<0/01) and self-control (ß=-0/80,P<0/01) is able to predict tendency to internet pornography in married men.

Based on the findings religious commitment, attitude toward pornography and self-control have detrimental roles in predicting tendency to internet pornography, and thus could function as protective factors against it. Thus, social health professionals can use religious teachings and self- control strategies in developing preventive and therapeutic programs for overcoming internet pornography in society

The purpose of this study was to predict self-efficacy based on resiliency, perceived gender discrimination and gender role schemas of women. Self-efficacy is a person's confidence in his ability to cope with difficult situations.

The present study in term of purpose and data collection is a correlation study. For this purpose, 124 female teachers from Kahrizak city were selected by cluster sampling. Participants responded to general self-efficacy, self-resiliency, gender discrimination events and gender role questionnaires. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and step-by-step multiple regression were used.

The results showed that the resiliency, gender schemas and self-efficacy have a positive and significant relationship, and the gender discrimination events has a negative and significant relationship with self-efficacy. Resiliency, gender discrimination events throughout life, and male gender role schemas could predict 31% of self-efficacy variance.

The present study indicates the importance of resiliency, perceived gender discrimination and gender role schemas in explaining teacher self-efficacy. Therefore, planning further studies to promote the self-efficacy of female teachers is recommended, given their critical role in nurturing students.

Due to increasing natural disasters and its effects on society, emphasis is placed on the role of social factors in dealing with them; but research has not yet clearly elucidated these factors. The purpose of this study was to explore the process of utilization of social capital in resilience of Kermanshah earthquake survivors.

The approach of this research was qualitative (grounded theory). 27 Kermanshah earthquake survivors were studied through purposive sampling using in-depth interviews. The data were categorized into the main categories after collection, recording, and coding and analyzed using Corbin and Strauss coding techniques

According to the results, the sense of responsibility was chosen as the main category. Cause condition was the respect and value and emotional support from relatives, family and friends. Extensive community networks were chosen as the ground conditions and support from other people as the intermediary conditions. The strategies were modeling, humor and employment and entertainment. Finally, unity and solidarity, participation and Cooperation, and Altruism were introduced as a consequence of this model.

Given that social capital is one of the most important factors in Resilience of earthquake survivors and can be promoted, it is suggested that institutions and organization related to crisis should pay special attention to the proposed model.

Students play a crucial role in the future of our country, so it is very important to have an attention about their cognitive and personal characteristics. The aim of this study was to predict the interpersonal communication skills of students based on their emotional maturity and social anxiety. The research method was correlation. The statistical population of this study was midwifery high school students in the first course of the city of Miandoab in the academic year 97. For sampling, 60 students were selected using random sampling method and interpersonal skills skill Scales (1983), emotional maturity (1991) and social anxiety (1999) were distributed among them. For data analysis, regression and correlation were used. The findings of the research showed that the relationship between emotional maturity and social anxiety with interpersonal communication skill is significant. Also, based on the findings, it can be concluded that by enhancing emotional maturity and social anxiety, interpersonal communication skills can be strengthened in students.

The corona disease epidemic and quarantine have had different effects on the social and psychological aspects of individuals. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between the anxiety and the social cohesion that caused by Coronavirus with mental health in Teheran.

For this purpose, a sample of 618 men and women adults evaluated by GHQ-12 Inventory, Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (Alipour, 2020), and social cohesion (based on wellbeing questionnaire of Keys and Shapiro, 2004) through online recall and via social network. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis was used.

The results showed anxiety and social cohesion that caused by Coronavirus had meaningful statistical correlation with mental health. Also mental health could be predicted positively by social cohesion, negatively by anxiety.

These results indicated the positive and negative psychological and social effects of quarantine, and had practical implications in the development of crisis interventions at the time of the Corona disease outbreak.