Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology
Volume:6 Issue: 4, Nov 2019

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive and behavioral therapy and motivation-based education on medication adherence among people with type II diabetes.

The present study was a quasi-experimental design and pre-test and post-test with a control group and follow-up and applied in terms of objective. The statistical population of the study consisted of all individuals aged 40-65 years, who referred to the Diabetes Association of Tehran for diabetes. The sample consisted of 45 individuals (15 for each group) based on available and purposeful sampling. Research tools were Morisky's Compliance Questionnaire (2010), Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Protocol, and Protective Motivation-Based Training Protocol. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.

Results showed that two methods of cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivation-based education on medication adherence were significant in the post-test (p<0.01). Also, the effect of the time factor on medication adherence scores in the follow-up area was significant (p<0.01). There was a difference between the medication adherence scores in the three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up regardless of group (p<0.01). The effect of interaction between group and time was also significant (p<0.01).

It can be concluded that the group that received cognitive behavioral therapy and motivation-based training showed a significant increase in medication adherence compared to the group that did not receive medication. The hypotheses were then confirmed. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivation-based education can improve medication adherence in patients with type II diabetes.

Obesity in adolescents is associated with not only physical and psychological problems but also a decrease in educational performance. This study aimed to determine the behavioral and psychological factors associated with academic performance in overweight and obese girl students in Kermanshah, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 419 overweight and obese girl high school students of Kermanshah in 2017, who were selected through two-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using the standard questionnaires including high school students’ academic performance, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire, Littleton’s Body Image Concern Inventory, physical activity subscale of Walker’s Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data analysis for structural equation modeling was performed using IBM SPSS AMOS 21 software.

Self-esteem was also found to have significant direct (β = 0.412) and indirect (β = 0.142) effects on academic performance, with direct effects being stronger (p <0.001). Body image, physical activity, general health, and sleep quality were found to have a significant direct effect on academic performance (P <0.05). However, they also had a significant indirect effect on this variable through the mediation of general health (P <0.05). Together, these variables accounted for 35% of the variance in academic performance.

Self-esteem, body image, physical activity, and sleep quality affect the academic performance of obese and overweight girl high school students not only directly but also indirectly through general health. The results of this study demonstrate the mediating role of mental health in predicting the academic performance of overweight and obese girl students.

  psychological hardiness and social support are two necessary health-elevating factors that strength individuals to remain both psychologically and physically healthy despite encountering negative life events. So, this study aimed to investigation the relationship between psychological hardiness and social support in women with breast cancer.

This study was a descriptive which was completed in the Shafa Hospital of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2018-2019. Hundred and ten women with breast cancer were purposefully selected to complete the personal/demographic/illness questionnaire, The Kobasa Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire, and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Data were analyzed by one-sample t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation with a significance level of p < 0.05.

There was a significant positive correlations between perceived social support and psychological hardiness (r=0.045; p<0.05), perceived social support and commitment (r=0.469; p<0.05), Also, there was a positive and significant correlations between perceived social support and control (r=0.429; p<0.05), perceived social support and challenging (r=0.266; p<0.05).  

The results showed that psychological hardiness and social supports have a significant relationship, so healthcare providers can use these personality attributes in their care sketching to better-coping strategies.  In a way, perceived social support and psychological hardness can be effective in progressing the patients' health and should be considered as effective moderating factors in their therapy process.

Divorce is one of the most stressful losses and it causes emotional distress and behavioral problems in individuals. Meanwhile, women are more vulnerable than men to the consequences of divorce. The objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Training (ACT) on cognitive-emotional regulation, resilient, and self-control strategies in divorced women.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test with a control group, and the sampling method is available sampling. The samples were selected from all divorced women referring to Justice Counseling Center in the city of Babol, in the second half of the year 2017 and the first half of the year 2018, and divided into 60 experimental and control groups. Data collection tools included Cognitive Emotional Strategies Questionnaire, Resilient Scale and Self-Control Questionnaire. For implementation, initially, a pre-test was taken from each group. Then, the Acceptance and Commitment-Based Training (ACT) held for the experimental group in12 sessions and each session with 90 minutes. Then, the post-test was taken from both groups. Data were analyzed using the multivariate covariance analysis test and SPSS.22 software.

The study revealed that acceptance and commitment-based training were effective in cognitive regulation of positive emotion (F = 67.88, P <0.0001), cognitive regulation of negative emotion (F = 62.11, P <0.0001), resilient (F = 61.95, P <0.0001), and self-controlling (F = 38.36, P <0.0001). The mean (standard deviation) of cognitive regulation of positive emotion, cognitive regulation of negative emotion, resilient, and self-controlling in pre-test and post-test were not significantly different from each other (P <0.05).

The study showed that Acceptance and Commitment-based Training (ACT) led to an increase in positive cognitive regulation, resilient, self-controlling, and a decrease in negative cognitive regulation in divorced women.

Academic performance is always a function of individual's psychological dimensions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of identity styles in relationship between procrastination with academic performance in boy students.

The research method was correlation and in particular structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study was all 631 9th grade boy students in 10 schools in winter 2019 in Qaemshahr city, that a total of 330 students were selected by convenience sampling. Academic performance questionnaire, the scale of identity styles and Procrastination questionnaire was used. In the present study, regression structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the collected data, SPSS 18 and Amos 23 soft wares were used for the analysis of the data.

The results show that there is a significant relationship between Procrastination and identity styles with academic performance (p≤0.01). Also the research model was fit and It is shows that 0.57 of the variable dispersion of the academic performance is influenced by procrastination and identity styles. And identity styles had a mediator role in the relationship between procrastination with academic performance.

The present research indicates the importance of identity styles and procrastination in explaining academic performance. Therefore, identifying students' identity styles and improving their status in educational settings will lead to reduced academic procrastination and thus better academic performance.

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between perception of illness and difficulty in emotion regulation with the mediating role of marital quality of life in married women with breast cancer.

This study was a correlational one in which the relations between research variables were investigated using structural equation modeling. The participants were 385 married women suffering from breast cancer who referred to Amol and Babol medical centers in 2018, selected based on available sampling method, and completed illness perception questionnaire (IPQ), difficulty in emotions regulation scale (DERS), and marital life quality. The proposed model was evaluated by structural equation modeling using LISREL software. The bootstrap method was used to test indirectly.

Based on the results of this study, the proposed model had a good fittness (RMSEA = 0.057, GFI = 0.92, IFI = 0.98, χ2 = 0.225 and P-value < 0.05). Generally, the results showed that all direct pathways were significant (P < 0.05).

The results also showed that indirect pathways of illness perception through marital life quality with difficulty in emotion regulation were significant. The evaluated model has a good fit and is an important step in understanding the factors affecting the difficulty in emotion regulation in married women with breast cancer. Therefore, it can be useful as a model for designing and developing programs for the prevention of emotional problems in women with breast cancer.

Psychological well-being in couples can improve marital affairs and their mental health. The purpose of this study was to predict psychological well-being based on marital intimacy, resiliency and mental health of couples.

Current research is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study was all couples referring to counseling centers in areas 1 and 2 of Tehran between the months of Bahman 96 to May 97. The sample consisted of 150 couples who were selected by available sampling method. Subjects were tested by means of psychological well-being, resilience scale, general health questionnaire and marital intimacy. They were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS.22 software.

The study showed that the positive relationship between psychological well-being (18.24) (21.3) and marital intimacy (65.1) (r = 0.97) (r = 0.47) and total score of 63.7 (11.8) (r = 0.35), but there was a negative relationship between the components of psychological well-being with the components and the total score of mental health (P <0.01). Also, the results of regression model showed that marital intimacy (B = 0.43), resiliency (B = 0.18), positive psychological well-being and mental health (-0.39) were negatively well-behaved Psychological prediction.

It can be concluded that by increasing the components of psychological well-being, marital intimacy and resilience increase, but with increasing psychological well-being, mental health problems decrease.