نشریه بیولوژی کاربردی
سال نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 35، پاییز 1398)

Accurate recognition of shirbot blood parameters can be increase keeping up and breeding of these valuable fish. The goal of this study is to find the effect of different salinity stress on some electrolyte, cortisol and glucose in reared fingerling shirbot (Arabibarbus grypus) fish for determine the suitable condition and physiologic tolerance during transforming into the waters with different levels of salinity. The treatments include four different salinity concentrations :< 5 P.P.T, 10 P.P.T, 15 P.P.T, fresh water. Total number of fish: 120, mean weight: 30±5, mean temperature: 26±2 Ċ, pH: 7.5 - 8. After 30 days blood samples were collected. then, serum electrolyte (Na, K, P, Ca), cortisol and glucose were measured. Finally the results showed that there was significantly difference of the electrolyte, cortisol and glucose parameters regarding to effect of salinity stress on fishes (P<0.05). The maximum and minimum values of the electrolyte, cortisol and glucose were in 15 P.P.T and control. The results indicate that biochemical factors are under the influence of water salinity, and ions concentration in blood are dependent on ions concentration in water.

In the current era, despite the remarkable development of science and advances in the Overview of Laboratory Diagnostic Techniques for Leishmaniasis control of infectious diseases, parasitic diseases still a major health problem. Leishmaniasis is one of the parasitic diseases that considered as a health problem in Tropical countries of the world, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. The disease is due to protozoan species called leishmaniasis, which very important in developing countries, including Iran. Leishmaniasis is one of the health challenges in tropical and subtropical regions such as Iran. High levels of endemicity of the disease Leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis shows the need to identify methods of laboratory diagnostics. Because Skin lesions due to leishmania may be confused with other pathogens such as streptococcal pyoderma and borriya pathogens, The different species of Leishmania may cause similar symptoms Often, leishmaniasis is caused by different species of different diet regimens. The determination of Leishmania species important.

Amylase is one of the important industrial enzymes, which is used in the food industry, detergent production, glucose, textile, and paper making. Bacillus spp. is considered as a major amylase producing microorganisms. The main objective of this study is isolation and phylogenic study of amylase producing thermophile Bacillus spp. from Ghainarjeh hot sprin in East Azarbaijan.

Samples from water of Ghainarjeh hot spring were cultured on recommended mediums. The grown colonies were tested for amylase production and positive colony determined a gram positive Bacillus using morphological and microscopically characteristics. Selected colony was used for total genomic DNA extraction, 16S rRNA fragment amplification and sequencing was done according to standard procedures. The sequence of 16S rRNA was used for phylogenetic investigation using maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods.

According to the results from morphological and biochemical investigations, the isolate is a gram positive, spore forming Bacillus with ability for use glucose, fructose and sucrose but not galactose and lactose. This isolate was positive for endol, citrate and VP but negative for catalase and oxidase.

The results of phylogenetic investigation from both method show that the amylase producing isolated Bacillus is a new member of Bacillus Subtilis spp. in this study a new member of Bacillus subtilis spp. with the ability in amylase production was successfully isolated.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)- Cas systems are well-known acquired immunity systems that are widespread in archaea and bacteria. The RNA-guided nucleases from CRISPR-Cas systems are currently regarded as the most reliable tools for genome editing and engineering. The first hint of their existence came in 1987, when an unusual repetitive DNA sequence, which subsequently was defined as a CRISPR, was discovered in the Escherichia coli genome during an analysis of genes involved in phosphate metabolism. Similar sequence patterns were then reported in a range of other bacteria as well as in halophilic archaea, suggesting an important role for such evolutionarily conserved clusters of repeated sequences. A critical step toward functional characterization of the CRISPR-Cas systems was the recognition of a link between CRISPRs and the associated Cas proteins, which were initially hypothesized to be involved in DNA repair in hyperthermophilic archaea. Comparative genomics, structural biology, and advanced biochemistry could then work hand in hand, not only culminating in the explosion of genome editing tools based on CRISPR-Cas9 and other class II CRISPR-Cas systems but also providing insights into the origin and evolution of this system from mobile genetic elements denoted casposons. To celebrate the 30th anniversary of the discovery of CRISPR, this minireview briefly discusses the fascinating history of CRISPR-Cas systems, from the original observation of an enigmatic sequence in E. coli to genome editing in humans.

Burns are one of the most devastating types of injuries and wounds considered. Aware of the bacterial agents and antibiotic resistance an important role in the prevention and treatment of its accurate and timely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and susceptibility pattern of burn wound infections in patients admitted to hospital burn the goodness of Qom province.

In a descriptive study, sampling of 100 patients admitted to hospital burn Nekuei of Qom over a period of 5 months old. Identification of microorganisms using biochemical tests were conducted according to existing standards.tyyn antibiotic-resistance patterns of isolates was performed using disk diffusion method.

In this study of 100 samples taken, 62% of men and 38 percent of women were reported. 70 per cent of the samples had positive culture Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reported as the most common infection with 31% abundance. Staphylococcus aureus (15.5%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.62%) and Enterococcus faecalis (7.75%) were reported in the following ranks.

Considering the high prevalence of infection in burn wounds needs new strategies in order to control the distribution of infectious agents as well as the treatment of this condition.in survey, the most effective antibiotic to treat infections after burn amikacin and gentamicin is known.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive central nervous system disorder. This disease is caused by degenerative loss of dopaminergic neurons of midbrain, from substantia nigra to corpus striatum pathway. Ghrelin act as a neuroprotective against Parkinson disease, and this study aimed to investigate protective effects of ghrelin on the substantia nigra area of brain in Parkinson disease model induced- MPTP.

Forty male NMRI mice were randomly divided into 5 groups of: control, saline, Parkinson, Parkinson + 0.0002 mg/kg ghrelin, and Parkinson +0.0004 mg/kg ghrelin. The Parkinson disease model was induced by MPTP intraperitoneally injection (25 mg/kg, i.p) for four days. The treatment was started one day after last MPTP inducement, by ghrelin intraperitoneally injection for 30 days. catalepsy was assessed by the means of a standard test bar. The brains were removed from the skull for histology (haematoxylin and eosin stain were used as the main principle), also tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and Interleukin 10(IL-10) levels in substantia nigra and corpus striatum was measured using ELISA method.

Ghrelin effectively reduces catalepsy levels and reduces the degenerative loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta. It will meaningfully decrease the levels of TNF-α, and positively increases the levels of IL-10 in substantia nigra and corpus striatum.

Based on results obtained from this study, we can conclude that ghrelin has a neuroprotective role, improves catalepsy, reduces inflammatory factors, and increase anti-inflammatory factors in Parkinson disease rodent models.

Using natural salts and enzyme confinement are one of the ways to increase the enzyme's stability. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of salts increasing on the free and confined alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme in cartilage carriers. Methods and Materials: The yeast alcohol-dehydrogenase enzyme the after purchase was confined in the Gum Tragacanth and its activity was evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of sodium and chlorine salts (1-2 M). The stability of the confined enzyme at two temperatures above 45 ° C and 55 ° C was studied in the presence of this salt.

The results showed that the enzyme confinement reduced the inhibitory effect of salts. Also, the cnfined enzyme in compared with the free enzyme showed optimal activity and stability. (Half-life was 37 and 62 minutes at 45 ° C Respectively).

The results showed that kosmotropic anions and enzyme confinement as synergistic can increase the activity and stability of the enzyme. Keywords: Alcohol dehydrogenase, activity and stability, Hofmeister series, Gum Tragacanth, Enzyme confinement

Introduction Pseudomonas aeruginosa can infect virtually all tissues in the body. this bacteria can be colonized in burns, wounds, corneal tissue, urinary tract and lungs, and after entering blood, cause septicemia or localized lesions in other parts of the body. Today, due to the untapped use of effective drugs On the pseudomonas aeruginosa, this bacterium is strongly resistant to antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to find the gene for resistance to beta-lactams in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from skin samples.

A total of 100 isolates of Pseudomonas were used in Microbiology Bank of Microbiology Research Laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Qom. After cultivation and biochemical confirmation of isolates, genomic extraction was performed first to detect these genes and then detected by PCR with DHA genes.

45 isolates resistant to imipenem; 22 cases were positive in the double-synergistic disks. Six isolates were positive for DHA gene.

Increasing resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes problems in treating patients and a periodic review of drug allergy for inappropriate treatment.

β-Carbolines are an alkaloid containing indole group that easily passes through the blood-brain barrier and change the concentration of neurotransmitters, as well as a range of neurophysiological and toxic effects, including effects on body temperature, seizures, anti-depressant activity, vascular dilatation, anti-cumulative effects of platelets and effects on appetite. The aim of this study was to extract and measure β-Carboline and also phenolic compounds of Spand (p.harmala) collected from Zahedan. Further phytochemical analysis of extracts was carried out and the quantitative and qualitative analysis included identification of anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones, an antioxidant test of extract, FT-IR analysis of extract, quantitative and qualitative analysis of HPLC extract and alkaloids. The results showed that although the antioxidant properties of methanolic extract from leaves are higher (due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds) than the methanolic extract seeds, the amount of β-Carboline in the seeds of this plant (p.harmala) is higher.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very complex and heterogeneous disorder that genetic and environmental factors have a significant contribution to its creation. PCOS is the commonest endocrine abnormality in 6 to 10 percent of women in fertility age that FBN3 gene is one of the most important candidate genes, for PCOS. This gene has 20 polymorphisms. This study examines the relationship between rs2303169 polymorphism in FBN3 gene in women with PCOS.

This study is a case-control study which is done on 100 women with PCOS and 100 healthy women. In this research, Tetra-ARMS PCR method was used to study the relationship between rs2390169 genotypes in FBN3 gene and the probability of getting PCOS in both patient and control groups. Connecting data from this study are analyzed statistically using SPSS software, chi-squared tests and Independent student t-test.

The results of the research showed no significant relationship between rs2303169 polymorphism in FBN3 gene and PCOS (P = 0.152). Also, CT and TT genotypes increased the probability of getting PCOS to 1,995 and 1,621 times towards CC genotype respectively.

For the first time, this study showed that there is no significant relationship between rs2303169 polymorphism in FBN3 gene and PCOS. However, relationship between polymorphisms of other genotypes in FBN3 gene and PCOS needs a wider research in greater populations and different ethnicities in the country. Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome; Polymorphism; FBN3 gene.

Sperm dysfunction caused by reactive oxygen species (ROSs) is one of the major causes of infertility in men, which leads to, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the formation of stable peroxidation products like Malondialdehyde (MDA) in seminal plasma. MDA is effective factor in reducing fertility. The aim of this study is to determine two biochemical markers of oxidative stress; TAC and MDA, and correlation to sperm parameters and chromatin integrity at asthenoteratozoospermia men.

In this study, a case-control study was carried out in two groups of 50 fertilized men and 50 asthenoteratozoospermia men in Qom IVF center; Iran. Semen analysis was performed according to WHO (2010) guidelines. DNA damage, protamine deficiency and TAC, MDA levels in all patients were measured by kit methods, respectively.

According to our results, the percentage of sperm parameters in the infertile men were lower than the fertile men (p <0.05). Also, there was a significant difference in DNA damage and protamine deficiency between the two groups (p <0.05). Lower TAC levels (1.82± 0.11 vs. 2.25 ± 0.13) and higher MDA levels (2.36 ± 0.09 vs. 1.97 ± 0.10) were observed in infertile men with asthenoteratozoospermia compared to fertile men.

These results suggest that decreasing TAC and increasing MDA lead to low sperm parameters and high DNA integrity in sperm of asthenoteratozoospermia men. Therefore, evaluation of oxidative status and antioxidant defenses system may be as a useful tool for diagnosis and treatment of male infertility especially in idiopathic male infertility