International Journal of Nutrition Sciences
Volume:2 Issue: 3, Sep2017

Current results from clinical trials about vitamin E effects on adiponectin are ambiguous. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of available RCTs to resolve this inconsistency. The systematic search was performed in several databases including SCOPUS, PubMed-Medline, and Google Scholar until October 1st, 2017. We used fixedeffects model in combination with mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the analysis of data. Meta-analysis of 6 RCTs (9 treatment arms) showed a significant increase in circulating adiponectin levels (MD: 0.36 ug/ml, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.56; p<0.001), following vitamin E supplementation. In sub-group analysis, a significant increasing effect was observed only in trials with ≥400 mg/day dosage (MD: 0.78 ug/ml, 95% CI: 0.31, 1.24, p=0.001) and those trials lasting ≥6 months (MD: 0.58 ug/mL, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.86, p<0.001). In meta-regression, there was association between changes in adiponectin concentrations and duration of supplementation. Our findings showed the significant increase effect of vitamin E supplementation on circulating adiponectin levels, however a significant increasing effect was observed at doses above 400 mg/day and when supplementation lasting over 6 months.

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that lives in humanstomach. This bacterium is the most important cause of chronic gastritis,peptic and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. The therapies includethe use of antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor, but unfortunately,these therapeutic methods are not always responsive due to resistanceto antibiotics. In recent years, use of alternative treatment, includingmedicinal herbs was shown to have anti-H. Pylori properties. So, in thisreview, anti-H. Pylori features of herbals were investigated includingginger, garlic, cranberry, curcumin, green tea and broccoli sproutsderived through the search in Google Scholar search engine, and PubMedscientific database using English keywords such as Helicobacter pylori,anti-H. pylori, ginger, garlic, cranberry, curcumin, broccoli and greentea, between 1984 -2016. Results showed that ginger, garlic, cranberry,curcumin, broccoli and green tea have antibacterial, antioxidant andanti-inflammatory potential properties, and because of their role inprotecting the stomach against H. pylori infection, it seems, they can bean appropriate treatment option for patients with this infection.

Adequate nutritional knowledge is necessary for healthy dietary behaviors. The present study was conducted to compare dietary behaviors among female students in Shiraz University (SU) and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS).
In a cross-sectional study using multi-stage sampling method, 150 female students (75 from SU and 75 from SUMS) living in the university residences were enrolled. Demographic and anthropometric data on food consumption were collected by trained dietitians. Dietary information was extracted by Nutritionist 4 software and data analysis was performed by SPSS software.
The average consumption of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and energy did not significantly differ between both groups. Contribution of carbohydrates to daily energy intake was significantly more appropriate in SUMS rather than SU students (p=0.03). Both SU and SUMS students consumed fruit, vegetables, dairy, and meat in appropriate amounts; however, fruit consumption was significantly higher in SUMS students (p=0.004). No difference was observed between the two groups regarding number of meals and snacks, and the habit of skipping meals (p=0.06).
SUMS students seemed to have better dietary patterns than SU students probably partly due to their higher level of information about their nutrition.

B vitamins are essential nutrients to maintain body health. These water soluble vitamins are critical co-enzymes in different cycles. Also, the intake of an adequate energy in elderly contributes to more ability to perform daily activities. This study aims at assessing the energy and water-soluble vitamins intake in elderly population under health care in Isfahan, Iran.

One hundred and fifty two old men and women (82 were under health care in Ghadir Elderly Care Center, Isfahan, Iran and 70 without health care) were enrolled in a case-control study. Food frequency questionnaire (168 items) was used for dietary intake assessment and N4 software for analysis of food content of the used diet.

The intake of energy was significantly higher in the elderly population under health care than those without health care (p=0.038). Also, after adjustion of variables for energy and B vitamins, B1 and B9 vitamins were higher in case group when compared to the control group (p=0.032, p=0.012), respectively.

Old population in elderly centers had desirable levels of vitamins B1 and B9 and also energy intake denoting to the high health cares in the health centers.

People's eating habits are effective for prevention and control of obesity. Shift works are shown to be associated with an increased risk of being overweight and obesity. This study aimed to investigate the eating behavior and its association with night work and BMI among female nurses in Shiraz, Iran.

Eighty female nurses working in Shiraz hospitals, Iran were enrolled. The number of night work shift for each nurse was determined. The anthropometric data were also collected and the Dutch eating behavior questionnaire was used to assess eating behavior.

There was a significant positive correlation between the subscale scores of eating behavior and weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. There was no significant correlation between the number of night shift work with anthropometric indices and subscales of eating behavior questionnaire. Comparing the subscales scores of the eating behavior questionnaire in the two groups of normal weight (BMI<24.9) and overweight and obesity (BMI≥25), it was observed that the score of restrained eating index was significantly higher in overweight and obese subjects than those with normal weight.

There was no statistically significant correlation between night work and anthropometric indices or eating behavior, but there was a statistically significant correlation between eating behavior and weight, body mass index and waist circumference. The score of restrained eating index was significantly higher in overweight and obese nurses than those with normal weight that necessitates a planning for health policy makers.

Aquatic ecosystems including fish in rivers may be widely contaminated by heavy metals released into waters from industrial, agricultural and other human activities.This study aimed to investigate the level of contamination of theses heavy metals (mercury, cadmium and lead) in fish caught in Khersan river, the largest tributary of Karun river. The heavy metals level of mercury, cadmium and lead was investigated by atomic absorption spectrometry using Perkin Elmer 4100ZL in rainbow trout, pike and common carp species caught in Khersan river. The average concentration of mercury, cadmium and lead in muscular tissue of trout, pike and common carp in all three breeding areas were (0.023,0.110, 1.12), (0.026, 0.162, 1.34) and (0.027, 0.155, 1.45) mg/kg, respectively and only lead metal was more than the level determined by the World Health Organization and European Commissionregulations. The concentration of cadmium and lead in muscular tissue of caught fishes indicated an inverse and significant relationship with increasing weight and reducing fish metabolism (r=-0.568 and r=-0.517). The concentration of heavy metals of fishes in the river reduced by an increase in fish age, length and weight. The level of mercury and cadmium in fishes of Khersan river was shown not to be threatening for their consumers, but the increase for lead concentration reflects the fact that the entry of urban, rural and agricultural wastewater affects the concentration of heavy metals in fishes of the river that may be threatening for their consumers.

Confectionary products especially eclairs are a major part of food manufacturing in Iran. Considering high consumption levels and also the possibility of microbial contamination in this section of food products, the present study aimed to determine the degree of microbial contamination of eclairs supplied to Arak province confectionaries and the association between contamination level and adherence to hygiene principles at production sites. Sampling was undertaken from 44 different types of eclairs and microbial tests were performed based on Iran National Standards. Data analysis was conducted using Spearman correlation and linear regression tests. This study showed that 43.2% of samples were contaminated with Escherchia coli, 59.1% with Enterobacteriaceae, 13.6% with mold, 20.5% with yeast and 13.6% with Bacillus cereus. High contamination rate of eclairs with bacteria, molds and yeasts needs using different methods to control microbial growth, including promotion of sanitary awareness among labors, regular cleansing and disinfecting of equipments, improvement in sanitation of confectionaries proper food storage methods and quick preparation of confections.

Different pH, temperature, protein concentration and presence of ions such as calcium and sodium can easily affect functional properties and size of protein nanoparticles. This study determined the stability of whey protein nanoparticles at various protein concentrations.
Whey protein isolate (WPI) nanoparticles with controlled size were produced by pH cycling and different concentration of CaCl2. After preparation, the samples were diluted 1 to 1 and 1 to 3 with water and stored at 4° C for 1, 15 and 28 days. The particle size, optical density of nanoparticle dispersions were investigated after one day. Stability of nanoparticles also had been evaluated during 28 days at 4° C.
The size of nanoparticles can be controlled by adding different amount of CaCl2 , and adjusting pH or aging time of WPI solution before ultrasonication. There was no significant difference between nanoparticles at protein concentrations of 0.5 and 1%, but at 2% protein concentration, the nanoparticles were larger.
Size of all of WPI nanoparticles was reduced one day after preparation; but, there was no noticeable change during 28 days.

Since usage of synthetic antioxidants has been under question due to their toxicity and possible carcinogenicity, there is still interest in developing plant-derived natural antioxidants, especially from edible plants. This study investigated the effect of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil on virgin olive oil oxidation in comparison with tocopheryl acetate and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Furthermore, the synergistic activities of citric acid with natural and synthetic antioxidants were determined. T. vulgaris essential oil was added to the virgin olive oil at a concentration of 1000 ppm. The BHT and tocopheryl acetate were added to the virgin olive oil at 100 ppm concentration. Virgin olive oil samples were stored at 60°C for 16 days. The peroxide value, p-anisidine value, K232, and K268 values were measured every 4 days. Changes in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of virgin olive oil samples were determined at the beginning and end of storage period. T. vulgaris essential oil significantly reduced the peroxide value, p-anisidine value, K232, and K268 values of virgin olive oil. The effect of T. vulgaris essential oil on retarding virgin olive oil oxidation was similar to the effect of BHT. By comparison, tocopheryl acetate was less effective in reducing the oxidation of virgin olive oil. Furthermore, T. vulgaris essential oil could preserve chlorophyll and carotenoid of virgin olive oil during storage period. T. vulgaris essential oil can be applied to increase the oxidative stability of virgin olive oil, and can protect the chlorophyll and carotenoid of virgin olive oil.