Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:3 Issue: 1, Winter 2016

The carpet industry developed various types of respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders, eyesight problems,  carpal tunnel syndrome and skin problems. Healthy behavior of carpet weavers is not in a desirable level. We recommended appropriate interventions such as health service, education improvement and advocacy for promoting healthy behaviors of carpet weavers.

Breakfast is repeatedly called to as the most important meal of the day and has positive effects on nutritional profile, cognitive activities and disease prevention in schoolchildren. The aim of this study was to assess the eating breakfast status in a sample of primary students of Ilam city.

Participants of this cross-sectional study were 298 schoolchildren grade 4th, 5th and 6th from 8 primary schools of Ilam city. Data were collected by researcher-made self-report brief questionnaire and were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics data editor.

The subjects included 148 boys (49.7%) and 150 girls (50.3%) from eight primary schools. The majority of sample (35.9%) educating in 4th grade and 54.0% of sample were living in the inner city areas. The results showed that 32.2% of study schoolchildren skipped breakfast. There was a significant difference between boys and girls breakfast habit, (P<0.018). Also, the results revealed that boys (47.22%) more likely to skip the breakfast than girls (23.07%) in outskirt, (P<0.004). But, there was no significant difference between boys (30.26%) and girls (27.05%) to breakfast skipping in inner city, (P=0.728). Furthermore, lack of appetite and breakfast not ready at home reported as main reasons for not eating breakfast. As with this study results, breakfast eaters usually ate more bread (76.5%), tea (69.8%) and milk (53.7%), But ate less fruits/vegetables (11.1%), fruit juices (13.4%) and breakfast cake (14.4%).

With attention to high rate of skipping breakfast in this study sample and also weak quality of breakfast in breakfast eaters, it is needed to conduct the schools health promotion programs to encourage students to eat healthy breakfast.

Apgar score evaluation is a common method to evaluate physiological changes of newborns and can help to predict the neonatal life chance. This study was conducted to determine the Apgar score of newborns with two methods of vaginal delivery and spinal anesthesia and its relationship with the associated factors in Gorgan health care facility.

A cross-sectional study was design to conduct the research. Totally 215 cases were selected, including all records of patients during 2010 and Apgar score was checked in the first and fifth minutes. Data were analyzed using chi-square test.

Results showed that 92.5 and 94 percent of neonatal Apgar scores in the first and fifth minutes were more than seven, respectively. There were no significant statistical differences between Apgar scores of the first and fifth minutes in two methods of vaginal delivery and cesarean section under spinal anesthesia technique (P>0.05). However, premature newborns, those with low birth weight and maternal preeclampsia had lower Apgar scores, and their statistical differences were significant (P<0.001).

The findings indicate the effect of factors such as prematurity, low birth weight, maternal preeclampsia on low Apgar score at birth of the babys. It is important that problems affecting the baby's health care measures must be considered by the planners of the health of mother and child.

Acute Toxoplasmosis is more critical in immunocompromised patients with cancer. The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-Toxoplasma gondi antibodies and assess the toxoplasmosis risk in women with breast masses in western of Iran in 2012. This research was done as a case-control study on women who referred to the treatment centers in cities of Kermanshah and Ilam in 2011.

60 women with breast cancer were selected as cases, and also 60 healthy ones as the control group. They were evaluated in terms of IgG, IgM, estrogen and progesterone levels using immunoassay method. Women in this study were in the secretory phase and were under the age of menopause. Results were analyzed using SPSS software 16 with independent T test.

Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and breast cancer was statistically significant (P<0.01). There was a significant relationship between anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody and breast cancer (P=0.01). Women with breast cancer and healthy women were not reported positive in terms of IgM anti-Toxoplasma. Significant relationship was detected between estrogen and Toxoplasma in women with breast cancer (P<0.01). There was no significant relationship between the level of progesterone and anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. A total of 30 patients (50%) from the women under study had the tumor marker CEA 19-9 (Carcino embryonic antigen).

Patients with breast tumors may be at risk of opportunistic infections such as toxoplasmosis. Therefore, periodic examination of breast cancer patients should be conducted by clinicians to prevent the potential occurrence of toxoplasmosis.

The Parikh’s formula is a calculation method that considers menstrual cycle duration in women who have an unusual interval of menstruation cycle. Since the accurate estimation of gestational age affects pregnancy outcomes, the present study aimed to compare the first trimester ultrasound and Parikh’s formula in determining the Expected Date of Delivery (EDD).

A prospective study was done among pregnant women referred to health centers of Borujerd, Iran, in 2014. All pregnant women with menstrual cycle less than 22 days and more than 35 days were included in the study and follow up to delivery time. Women with situations impacting the fetus development were excluded from the study. First trimester ultrasound was done at 7-13 week of last menstrual period and measured the Gestational Sac (GS) and Crown Rump Length (CRL). The gestational age was calculated by Parikh's formula. The association between the variables under study and gestational age were tested using chi-square test. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the variables

Overall, 300 women participated in the study. The gestational age calculated by the methods of the study, namely, the first trimester ultrasound and Parikh’s formula had no statistically significant difference (271.8 ± 0.99 and 275.2 ± 1.2 days in the first trimester ultrasound and Parikh's formula, respectively) (P=0. 625). The Pearson correlation coefficient showed a positive correlation between the GS (r = 0.645) and CRL (r = 0.768) measured by the first trimester ultrasound and gestational age calculated by the Parikh's formula.

The Parikh’s formula is recommended to use the calculation of the EDD in women who have an unusual interval of menstruation cycle and no access to ultrasound in the first trimester.

Although bacteria producing biofilm are more resistance to antimicrobial agents, biofilm formation can stimulated by sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of some antimicrobial agents. Therefore, we designed present study to investigate the  in vitro efficacy of several antibiotics (including ceftazidime, piperacillin, ticarcillin, carbenicillin, aztreonam, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin and ciprofloxacin) and biocides (including savlon, benzalkonium chloride and chlorohexidin) on biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolates.

A total of 10 uropathogenic P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from Mostafa Khomaini Hospital in Ilam. The isolates were evaluated for MIC, biofilm formation ability and finally the effect of different concentration of antimicrobial agents on the biofilm formation.

Our finding demonstrated that all antimicrobial agents except gentamicin, aztreonam, and savlon were able to induce biofilm formation at sub-MICs. Moreover, savlon was the best agents for encountering biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa.

Some antimicrobial agents are able to induce biofilm formation at sub-MICs. Biofilm formation inducement depended on antimicrobial agents, strains, and matrix composition.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world and almost a third of the world's population is involved with IDA. It even in mild type, could lead to serious disorders such as impairment of learning and mental focus. Reduction of iron resources results in an imbalance in the physiological function. With regard to the role of iron in myelination of neurons and the effect on nerve conduction velocity, iron deficiency could lead to changes in sensory and behaviors responses. Given the importance of anemia and IDA in girls' high schools of Ilam City, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and IDA.

High school girls aged 16-18 years (n=210) were selected by random sampling design. Iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was measured. Complete blood cells count and serum ferritin concentration also was assessed. Anemia and IDA was tested as different methods. Iron depletion (Id) and Iron deficiency (ID) was tested too.

According on the analysis of hematological and iron indices, subjects were affected to anemia (3.4 to 70.9%) and iron deficiency. Severity distribution of anemia was categorized as form of mild (28.5%), moderate (1.4%) and sever (0%). Iron depletion and Iron deficiency was found for 45.2 and 4.3% of study participants respectively. The correlation of hemoglobin (Hb) with ferritin (r=0.1, p= 0.15) and TIBC (r=-0.05, p= 0.4) was not significant. Independent relationship of hemoglobin concentration with MCV, serum ferritin and TIBC were significant.

This study shows that the prevalence of anemia is high in student's girls from Ilam, Iran. Due to the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in high school students, it is necessary that be given them proper nutrition program. In the long-term awareness of women's nutrition should be considered and should be taken to reform of their bad habits. Enrichment of food products with iron compounds should be considered as a national program. It should be checked also the role of economic status and parasitic diseases of participants in ID and IDA.

Telomeres are repetitive sequences of TTAGGG section that find at two ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and they shield chromosome ends. Telomere shortening in patients with myocardial infarction has been reported. Shelterin complex's role is essential in telomere length regulation. Telomeric repeat binding factors 1 and 2 (TRF1 and TRF2) are the most important sheltrein complex proteins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of rehabilitation training on TRF1 and TRF2 in myocardial infarction patients.

In this Quasi-experimental pre-post intervention study, twenty male patients selected and randomly assigned to training (n=10) or control (n=10) groups. Rehabilitation training was eight weeks of concurrent training, 3 time per week. For TRF1 and TRF2 assessment, blood samples was taken half hour before first training session and 24 hours after the last training session. t-test was used for data analyses. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.

The findings of the present study revealed that concurrent training increases TRF1 and TRF2 protein levels significantly (P=0.005 and P=0.006, respectively).

It seems that rehabilitation training improves shelterin complex and enhances protection of the telomere and as a result, induces better repair of infarcted area. Therefore, rehabilitation training could be suggested to myocardial infarction patients as a non-pharmacological treatment.