Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:2 Issue: 2, Spring 2015

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a relentlessly progressive and usually fatal lung disease of unknown etiology for which no effective treatments currently exist. In the adults type I and II pneumocytes, forms Components of the alveolar epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of thalidomide on the alveolar epithelial cells (type I and II pneumocytes) in the lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice.

In this research, 32 male adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Mice received in group Bleomycin, bleomycin sulfate, in group Bleomycin+Thalidomide, bleomycin besides thalidomide, in group Thalidomide, only thalidomide and in group carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose via intraperitoneum. At the end of experiment, mice lung samples were prepared and histological studies were performed on them. After the investigation of tissue slides, number of type I and II pneumocytes were calculated and results were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA.

Histological studies showed a significant decrease in the number of type I pneumocytes and a significant increase in the number of type II pneumocytes in the Bleomycin group in comparison with the carboxymethylcellulose group (p<0.001). But number of these cells (type I and II pneumocyte) in the Bleomycin+Thalidomide group increased and decreased respectively compared to the Bleomycin group (p<0.001).

The results of this study showed that Thalidomide decreases number of pneumocytes II and increases pneumocytes I and Thereby reduces pulmonary fibrosis in the mice.

Hypertension is described as one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of hypertension is growing among developing countries. In this study, the prevalence of hypertension was studied in individuals who referred to blood transfusion center of Ilam city.

The present descriptive analytical study was performed based on available data. The sample files were related to 4005 cases. Blood pressure was measured by using the standard method 15 minutes after the individuals attained to blood transfusion center. Data by data were analyzed by using SPSS software and appropriate statistical tests including chi-square and ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered as significant.

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly associated with age (P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between systolic blood pressure with gender (P<0.05), but there was no association between diastolic blood pressure with gender. Men significantly had higher systolic blood pressure than women (P<0.05). In addition, in both genders among aged over 40, systolic blood pressure was significantly lower, compared to aged less than 40 (P<0.05).

Overall, this study demonstrated that prevalence of hypertension is high in Ilam city and a detailed applicable plan in order to change in lifestyle among people to controlling and reducing of hypertension.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a bacterium found on the skin and hair of people and animals. S. aureus could product some extracellular protein.

One hundred and fifty S. aureus isolates that were collected from different resources were screened for the mecA, tst-1, eta and etb genes by PCR. 50 isolates were selected from human staphylococcal isolates and 100 from animal staphylococcal isolates.

Ten out of the 50 human S. aureus isolates and 5 out of 50 S. aureus isolates from milk cow were just positive for mecA but none of the poultry S. aureus isolates were positive for mecA. All of the isolates were negative for the eta, etb, tst-1.

The results in this study indicate that the prevalence of mecA in human staphylococcal isolates is higher than prevalence of this gene in poultry staphylococcal isolates in Ilam- Iran but for the other genes there is no difference. Detection of mecA in cow milk could be a pose for public health hazards.

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition that occurs in parous women and affects the quality of life of women. The present study aimed to evaluate the incidence of recurrent prolapse.

In a cross-sectional study evaluated 365 women attending two public centers of Ilam, West of Iran. Sampling was done by the simple random sampling method. All women participated in the study except for single, pregnant, lactate and women receiving hormone replacement therapy. Subjects evaluated according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification technique. SPSS software Package 14 was used to analyze the data.

Overall, 18.35 % of all participants have a history of pelvic operation for prolapse of the pelvic organs. There was a significant association between the history of anterior and posterior repair and current prolapse (P=0. 013). The correlation between previous hysterectomy and prolapse not significant (P=0. 243).

This study indicates that pelvic organ prolapse surgery does not always prevent recurrent POP. Therefore, the gynecologist must be considering the recurrent risk of pelvic organ prolapse during preoperative patient counseling, particularly when surgery has been performed just to improve the women´s quality of life.

Antimicrobial peptides as the body's defense strategy play an important role in resistance against infection of microorganism. These peptides are able to modulate the immune and inflammatory processes through the production of defensive molecules. Therefore, the modulatory effects of Brevinin-2R, an antimicrobial peptide extracted from the skin of the frog (Rana ridibunda), was evaluated in this study.

MTT assay was conducted for evaluating the cytotoxic effect of Brevinin-2R on human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2). Then, real-time PCR was used to assess the inflammatory properties of this peptide.

It was appeared that the Brevinin-2R has a low toxicity against HepG2 cancer cells and can reduce cell growth to 24%. Results of molecular analysis showed that Brevinin-2R increases the expression of IL-1b and IL-6 genes in cancer cells in a dose dependent manner.

The results show that Brevinin-2R has a regulatory role in inflammation through targeting the genes involved in the process.

Due to side effects of antiinflammatory drugs such as dexamethasone and indomethacin, there is a less tendency to use them. On the other hand, the use of medicinal plants has been common in the treatment of inflammation since ancient times and also, using of the plants is increasing. Present research investigated the antiinflammatory effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of capitols of Matricaria chamomilla (M. chamomilla) in rat.

The hydroalcoholic extract of capitols of M. chamomilla [(at the doses of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg BW (body weight)] and dexamethasone and indomethacin (at the dose of 15 mg/kg BW) were intraperitoneally injected to the rats. The weights of the ears of animal after induced inflammation by xylene and then, after the mentioned treatments were set as indices of antiinflammatory effects.

Hydroalcoholic extract of the capitols of M. chamomilla at the dose of 1500 mg/kg BW significantly reduced the xylene induced inflammation in the rats (P<0.01). Also, hydro-alcoholic extract of the herb at the doses of 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg BW significantly reduced the acetic acid induced inflammatory pain (P<0.001).

The extract of the capitols of M. chamomilla have antiinflammatory effects that is comparative to the antiinflammatory effects of traditional antiinflammatory drugs such as dexamethasone and indomethacin.

Effective post-operative pain management is one of the problems following root canal treatment. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed analgesics in endodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of naproxen in controlling pain following root canal treatment in teeth with irreversible pulpitis.

This triple-blinded clinical trial was performed on 68 patients admitted to dental school for root canal treatment (RCT). Patients were randomly allocated to treatment or placebo groups. After performing RCT, the patients received naproxen (275 mg every 12 hours for 48 hours) or placebo. Patients were instructed to complete a VAS pain score at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after single visit root canal treatment. Patients were classified as having no, mild, moderate, or severe pain. Data were analyzed via SPSS software using chi-square and t-test.

Although there was a significant difference between naproxen prescription compared with placebo in 6 and 72 hour intervals, the effect of naproxen in controlling post endodontic pain in all intervals was more than placebo. In addition, the duration of pain was shorter in the subjects receiving naproxen.

Based on the results of the present study, naproxen could be suggested to control post endodontic pain in patients with irreversible pulpitis.

Air pollution due to particulate matter is a major environmental and health issue in all regions of the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the health impacts of PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10μm) in Khorramabad city, Iran in 2014.

In this study, PM10 sampling was conducted by a high-volume sampler at flow rate of 1.1-1.4 m3/min. The annual mortality and morbidity to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributable to PM10 exposure were estimated by AirQ software model. This model has been proposed to health impact assessment of atmospheric pollutants by World Health Organization (WHO).

The annual, winter and summer averages of PM10 were 80.59, 58.28, and 80.59μg/m3, respectively. The total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases and hospital admissions due to cardiovascular diseases were estimated 320, 304, 72, 507 and 201 cases, respectively.

In order to diminish the adverse health effects of particulate matter in Khorramabad city, health training by healthcare centers should be conducted to public people especially persons with chronic lung and heart diseases, elderly and children. Moreover, the efforts should be conducted in the governmental scale in order to control the Middle East dust storms (MED) sources.