Report of Health Care
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Winter 2019

Estrogen is the basis of pregnancy and is involved in many physiological activities. Regarding the effects of exercise on lipid profile and estrogen, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between estrogen and lipid levels in active women. From among female students of Islamic Azad University of Masjed-Soleiman, after examining the conditions of inclusion and signing consent form, 38 inactive women (age: 26.1 ± 6.27 y; BMI: 24.2 ± 2.4 kg.m-2) and 31 active women (at least 150 min activity per week; age: 27.68 ± 5.72y, BMI: 22.3 ± 65.64 kg.m-2) participated in study. In the late folicular phase, 3-cc blood was taken from the subjects in the fasting state. HDL, LDL, TG, cholesterol and estrogen (17 Beta-estradiol) were measured during four months. Pearson correlation and sample t-test for statistical analysis was used. The significance level was p <0.05. The results showed in active women there was a significant inverse relationship between estrogen and cholesterol (P = 0.01) and TG (P = 0.02). Comparing the groups, the levels of cholesterol (P = 0.0001), LDL (P = 0.0001) and TG (P = 0.01) in active woman were significantly lower than inactive women. The results of our study showed that measurement of estrogen and blood lipids in different times of menstrual cycle was different in active and inactive women. Therefore, regarding the enormous effects of endogenous estrogen on health, it is recommended that women maintain a good level of activity per week in order to benefit from its health benefits.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the destruction and permanent and irreversible cell death of part of the cardiac muscle (myocardium) which occurs due to loss of blood flow to the heart. The condition disrupts individuals’ daily life and limits their performance. Evidence indicates the likely effect of exercise on increasing the capillary density of skeletal muscle and myocardium. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin as well as their common receptors (Flt-1) are the most important factors involved in angiogenesis. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks of interval training on the VEGF, Flt-1 and collagen 18 in rats with MI. 12 male Wistar rats with mean age of 10weeks and average weight of 250- 300 gr were infected with myocardial infarction and were assigned into two groups of (1) experimental (60 minutes of interval running on treadmill, each interval 4 minutes with the 60- 75 percent of Vo2max and 2 minutes of active rest at 50- 60 percent of Vo2max for four days in a week for a period of 6 weeks) and (2) control group (without any training). Gene expression was investigated by the PCR technique and Ejection fraction and Shortening fraction were investigated by echocardiograph. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 using independent samples t-test (p≤0.05). Results showed that low intensity interval training had a significant effect on increasing the expression level of Flt-1 (P=0.02) and VEGF (P=0.01) genes and no significant change in collagen 18 (P=0.34). The overall results of the study supported the role of low-intensity interval training in increasing the basic factors affecting the process of angiogenesis after MI.

Sports activities with increased mechanical pressure can lead to biochemical changes in the body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of one session of exhaustive swimming training on the response of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate in elite male swimmers. In this experimental study, 28 elite male swimmers aging 15-20 years in Fars province who were performing their training every day at Enghelab International Pool of Shiraz were selected as the sample of study. At first, the health status form and informed consent questionnaire were completed by athletes and their parents. To eliminate the effect of previous training on levels of LDH, CK and lactate, a 48-hour rest before the implementation of the research protocol was given to swimmers. On the day of the research, blood samples were taken before training in the sitting position. The swimmers then warmed up for 10 minutes. Subsequently, all subjects performed exhaustive swimming training. Immediately after the end of the training, 15 and 30 minutes following the training, blood samples were again taken from all of the subjects similarly in the sitting position. To analyze the findings of the research, repeated measures ANOVA along with Bonferroni’s post hoc test were used at p≤0.05. One session of exhaustive swimming training did not have a significant effect on CK of elite male swimmers (P = 0.40); one session of exhaustive swimming training had a significant effect on LDH (P = 0.001) and lactate (P = 0.001) of elite male swimmers; LDH levels decreased significantly 15 minutes (P = 0.001) and 30 minutes (P = 0.009) after training, and lactate levels decreased significantly 30 minutes after training (P = 0.001). It seems that one session of exhaustive swimming training in elite male swimmers leads to a significant increase in LDH and lactate. Also, LDH decreases significantly after 15 minutes and lactate after 30 minutes.

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 enzyme is a heterotetrameric α-ketoacid decarboxylase that oxidizes Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA. Increasing in the age results in phosphorylation of E1α-subunit Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Enzyme (PDH-E1α) in mitochondria. Furthermore, PDC activity in brain is related to PDH-E1α expression. Evidence shows that specific structure of hippocampus makes great responses to exercise. Prior studies have reported biological activities of resveratrol (RSV) such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neural protection activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of swimming high intensity interval training (HIIT) and resveratrol supplementation on PDH-E1α in hippocampus of aged rats.

45 male Wistar rats with an age of 20 months were randomly divided into five groups (control (C), Swimming HIIT (S-HIIT), Swimming HIIT with resveratrol supplementation (S-HIIT-R), resveratrol supplementation (R) and solvent of resveratrol supplementation (SR). Swimming HIIT and resveratrol supplementation groups performed the exercise and received resveratrol(10 mg/kg/day, gavage) for six weeks. All rats were sacrificed and the brain was extracted immediately and the hippocampus was separated. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to normalize the research data. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measures with Tukey’s post hoc test at a significant level of 0.05. The hypothesis test was performed using SPSS software version 20.

Western Blot method showed that Swimming HIIT with resveratrol supplementation and resveratrol alone increased PDH-E1α level significantly (P=0.007 and P=0.047,respectively). Furthermore, Swimming HIIT increased PDH-E1α level but not significantly (P=0.383).

It appears that resveratrol alone and with exercise can influence levels of hippocampus mitochondrial metabolism key proteins such as PDH-E1α in aged rats and regulated PDC activity, TCA cycle and hippocampal cell metabolism.

Recently, studies of diketocarotenoids such as astaxanthin (Ax) and canthaxanthin (Cx) with powerful antioxidant have focused on numerous biological mechanisms such as singlet oxygen quenching, radical scavenging, anti-diabetic, anti-carcinogenesis, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-melanogenesis activities. There is evidence demonstrating that diketocarotenoid confers neuroprotective effects in experimental models of chronic neurodegenerative disorders and neurological diseases. This study used Ax and Cx to detect its role on senescence of SHSY-5Y Cells. In this study, the sample included the cell control group (SH-SY5Y cell line) that did not receive Ax and Cx, , and the experimental group that received Ax and Cx (20 mM). Ax and Cx were treated with SH-SY5Y cell line at 48 hours. To measure the expression of BAX, Bcl-2 and PPARγ different groups were compared by real‑time PCR analysis. The cell senescence effects of Ax and Cx, a β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) senescence assay was evaluated. The results were analyzed by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Prism version 6.0 software. The results showed that treatment with Ax and Cx (20 mM) for 48h induced apoptosis and senescence. The BAX and Bcl-2 gene expression analysis revealed a significant impact of Ax and Cx in apoptosis induction (P<0.05). The measuring of cell senescence also indicated that Ax and Cx exhibited a senescence inductive activity as determined by an increase in β-galactosidase activity and PPARγ gene expression (P<0.05). It appears that Ax and Cx have therapeutic properties in SH-SY5Y cells and can cause the proliferation of these cells to cease. The results suggest that Ax and Cx treatment may be beneficial for therapy of neuroblastoma and neurodegenerative disorders.

Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) has been used by many psychologists as a new therapeutic package in many studies. However, this package is less used in sport filed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of six weeks of mindfulness-based intervention on self-confidence and levels of cognitive and physical anxiety of shooters. In this semi-experimental research, 17 male professional shooters aging 17- 22 years old from Yazd province who had a history of shooting for at least two years were randomly assigned to two groups, including (1) mindfulness strategies training and (2) control. The training of mindfulness strategies training group comprised 6 sessions (one session per week) and daily homework practice. The instrument used was a CSAI-2 questionnaire. In pre-test, both groups completed the questionnaire 20 minutes before an official match. Then the mindfulness strategies training according to a formerly prepared protocol was held for the intervention group. After intervention, the questionnaire was again completed 20 minutes before the official match with the same conditions by both groups in the post-test. Data were analyzed using independent and paired samples t-test and SPSS-20 software. The results of this study showed that mindfulness strategies training increased self-confidence (P=0.002) and decreased cognitive anxiety (P=0.04). However, it did not significantly changed the physical anxiety (P=0.8). It appears that that mindfulness training can be used as a new promising method to increase self-confidence and reduce cognitive anxiety in shooters.

The importance of changing the color of white adiposities into brown is due to the fact that it can have anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects by adjusting energy balance (by converting storage form into energy consumption). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physical activity on adipose tissue and skeletal muscles.

In this review, were searched online databases including Google Scholar, SID and PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus using the following keywords: “Training”, “Exercise”, “Physical activity”, “Mayokin”, “Adipose tissue”, “Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)”,“ Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)”, “Irisin” and ” Uncoupling proteins 1 (UCP-1)”. All articles including research studies, review articles, descriptive and analytical studies, and cross-sectional research, published during 1998-2017, were reviewed.

Based on our literature review, physical exercise can be effective as an adipose tissue activated agent in the prevention and treatment of obesity. In this regard, irisin seems to be influenced by a variety of sports activities and is a significant factor in the conversion of white to brown adipose tissues and can play a role in weight loss and increase the body thermogenesis.

According to these studies, the expression of irisin and FNDC5 converts white adipose into brown adipose and increases the energy consumption. Regular exercise training on preventing obesity, diabetes and its complications, and improving health have already been proven; but the point is that these beneficial effects are due to the cellular-molecular mechanism is still under discussion.

Long QT syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder that could be a potentially fatal condition. One of the symptoms of long QT caused by ventricular arrhythmia is seizure. The diagnosis of this syndrome might be delayed when an initial diagnosis of epilepsy is made.

The patient to be studied in this research was a 24-year-old right handed female. She had the spells since she was 14; which were characterized by uncomfortable anxiety, nausea, pallor, and palpitation followed by generalized weakness and occasionally generalized clonic jerks with obvious impairment of consciousness. She was treated with Depakine and Carbamazepine. During the video-EEG monitoring, she had one habitual attack accompanied with ventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrest for which cardiorespiratory resuscitation was immediately started, and fortunately the patient returned to normal condition. Cardiac evaluation was requested and diagnosis of long QT syndrome was confirmed. Implantable cardiac defibrillator was placed for her.

Long QT syndrome possesses considerable mortality decreased with proper therapy. Long QT syndrome imitates seizure disorders. Hence, taking electrocardiography is required for individuals with vague causes of seizure and uncommon semiology.