Report of Health Care
Volume:3 Issue: 4, Autumn 2017

Systemic low-grade chronic inflammation is considered to be one of the significant characteristics of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between C- reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin- 6 (IL-6) serum levels, after induction of diabetes and eight weeks of resistance training in rats. For the purpose of this experimental study, 24 streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were divided into three groups of 8 including (1) first week diabetic control, (2) last week diabetic control and (3) resistance training. Moreover, 8 healthy rats were chosen as the first week healthy control groups to assess the effects of diabetes induction on CRP and IL-6 serum levels. Rats of group 3 were subjected to an eight-week resistance training (3 days/week). Kolmogorov-Smirnov, independent-samples t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient, were used for data analysis (p≤0.05). Induction of diabetes had a significant effect on the increased serum levels of CRP (p = 0.01) and IL-6 (p = 0.01). However, after 8 weeks of resistance training, a significant decrease was observed in CRP (p = 0.001) and IL-6 (p = 0.01) serum levels of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Also, there was no significant correlation between CRP and IL-6 serum levels, after the induction of diabetes (p = 0.23) and eight weeks of resistance training (p=0.65). It appears that there is no correlation between CRP and IL-6 serum levels, after the induction of diabetes and eight weeks of resistance training in rats.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the irreversible cell death caused by ischemia in parts of myocardium. Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) are known as strong markers of myocardial infarction. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of precedent of six-week light intensity interval training (LIIT) on the ANP and BNP gene expression in rats after Myocardial Infarction. Twelve Wistar male rats of 10 weeks old and mean weight 250-300gr were allocated in two groups with six Rats in each groups of 1. LIIT (60 minutes interval running on a treadmill, each cycle including four minutes of running with an intensity of 55-60% VO2max and two minutes of active recovery with a 45-50% VO2max intensity, three days a week for six weeks) and 2. control group (without any precedent of training). Real-time PCR was used to assess the expression of ANP and BNP genes in myocardium (after inducing MI By blocking left coronary artery by surgery). For statistical analysis of data independent sample t test (p≤0.05) was used. Light intensity interval training has significant effect on decreasing the gene expression of ANP (p=0.01) and BNP (p=0.001) in rats after myocardial infarction. It appears that adaptation to light intensity interval training controls and moderates the secretion of cardiac hormones in rats after myocardial infarction.

Hypertension is considered as a major risk factor for thrombotic events. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of one bout submaximal endurance exercise on blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in patients with hypertension. 20 subjects were randomly selected out of 70 adult males with hypertension (Mean ± SD; age: 60.25±4.59 yr, body mass index (BMI): 29.57± 3.68 kg/m2, body fat percentage (BFP): 20.25± 5.31%, maximal oxygen uptake34.83±2.11ml/kg/min, systolic blood pressure(SBP): 147.20±6.43 mm Hg,diastolic blood pressure(DBP): 94.40±3.70 mm Hg). The participants carried out one bout submaximal endurance running for 30 minutes within 60 to 65% of maximal heart rate reserve (MHRR). Blood samples were immediately taken before and after exercise. Dependent variables were categorized into three groups including 1.Coagulation: fibrinogen (FIB), factor VIII (FVIII), prothrombin time (PT), prothrombin time activity (PTA), international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT), platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) 2. Anticoagulation: protein C (PC), antithrombinIII (ATIII) 3. Fibrinolytic: d-dimer (D-D), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor1 (PAI-I), tPA/PAI-1. For normalizing research data Shapiro- Wilk test was used. Data analysis was done by paired samples t-test at a significant level of (P≤0.05). Testing of the considered assumptions was carried out by SPSS software version 19. Paired sample t-test showed a significant reduction in aPTT (P=0.001), tPA (P=0.001), tPA/PAI-1(P=0.014), PV (P=0.001) and a significant increase in FIB (P=0.001), FVIII (P=0.001), PLT (P==0.001), MPV (P=0.001), PC (P=0.001) and ATIII (P=0.001) levels. There was no significant change in PT (P=0.068), PTA (P=0.156), INR (P=0.060) and D-D (P=0.436)levels. Considering the volume of plasma, no significant changes in FIB were observed (P=0.814). It seems that submaximal endurance exercise activates the anticoagulation system which can overcome thrombotic conditions.

Mental health is a combination of emotional, psychological and social well-being. It affects the way of thinking, feeling and acting. Mental health is very important at every stage of life and it could be affected by physical activity. Therefore in the current studey, the effect of stretching exercises education on mental health and learning strategies was investigated. In this quasi- experimental study, 100 online management courses students were selected and divided randomly into two groups of exercise and control on the same subject. The exercise group were asked to practice selected stretching exercises that were made available to them as movies on their given break time after 45 min since start of the class before continuing their study again. Both groups answered the Weinstein (2002) learning strategies questionnaire at the beginning and the end of the course. All data were analyzed using SPSS 23. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, paired sample t-test, independent samples t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient, were used for data analysis (p≤0.05). There was a significant difference between learning strategies (p=0.001) in two groups of exercise and control. Also the subscales, attitude (p= 0.003), information processing (p= 0.001), study aid (p= 0.003) and time management (p= 0.001) had a significant chenges on post-test. Improvement of mental health increases the effect of learning strategies. Applying stretching exercises on educational content can improve mental health which results in increasing the productivity of work and achieving educational goals.

Myocardial infarction is cell death in part of the myocardialduring an ischemia. Cell death process in response to activity and appropriate intensity is not clear yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training on endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase, hypoxia-induced factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in rats with myocardial infarction. 12 male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 grams were assigned into two groups: the experimental group (60 minutes running on a treadmill on an interval basis, each interval four minutes with intensity of 85-90 and two minutes of active recovery with 50- 60 % VO2max, Four days a week for eight weeks) and the control group (without training intervention). Genes expression were investigated by the PCR technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 18) with Independent sample t-test (p≤0.05). The results showed that endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase in high intensity interval training group (4.755) was significantly higher than the control group (3.615) (p= 0.012), hypoxia-induced factor in high intensity interval training group (9.015) was significantly higher than control group (1.49) (p= 0.001) and vascular endothelial growth factor in high intensity interval training group (6.855) was significantly higher than control group (1.425) (p= 0.001). Generally, eight weeks of high intensity interval training with increasing endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase and hypoxia- induced factor- 1 increased vascular endothelial growth factor and eventually increased angiogenesis and improved cardiac function in male rats after myocardial infarction.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a multi-factor disease. Several genes are shown to be associated with diabetes mellitus. Among them, IRS-1 gene is located on chromosome No.2 which is an endogen substrate for insulin receptor. IRS-1 gene has an important role in insulin pathway signaling. Aim of this study was to review the association of Ala513Pro and Gly972Arg IRS-1 gene polymorphism with gestational diabetes mellitus in south of Iran.

200 subjects with gestational diabetes mellitus and 200 healthy subjects as control group were enrolled in the study. DNA was extracted from their blood and polymorphism of G, C and T allele were studied. It was aimed to investigate whether genotype is associated with clinical and biochemical variables such as family history, fasting blood sugar, blood lipid and body mass index. Independent sample t- test, chi- square test, logistic regression and Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium tests were used to analyze data (p≤0.05).

The finding from the Polymorphism Gly972Arg study show that individuals with CC, CT genotypes were associated with an increased risk of the disease (%95CI: 0.02-0.44, OR=0.1, P<0.001), (%95CI:2-58.43, OR=9.2, P<0.01). There was no allele and genotypic variation in Polymorphism Ala513Pro Polymorphism.

Based on the obtained results, Ala 513Pro polymorphism of the IRS-1 gene was not correlated, but Gly 972 Arg polymorphism related with gestational diabetes mellitus in population of south Iran.

According to the effect of gender on leptin and adiponectin and the inconsistent effects of exercise intensity on these two hormones, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of different exercise intensities in the play-ground on serum levels of leptin and adiponectin of male and female futsal players.

This clinical trial study is done on 12 male and 12 female futsal players. They started the moderate intensity exercise (65% of maximum heart rate) in the play-ground, followed by high intensity exercise (80% of maximum heart rate) next week. Before and after each exercise, blood sample was collected from the players to measure the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin. The data collected was analyzed by ANCOVA, using SPSS.

Leptin level was significantly higher in females before exercise (p=0.000). Neither moderate nor high intensity exercise had effect on serum levels of males (p=0.69) and females (p=0.261). Leptin levels of males and females were significantly different after moderate (p=0.003) and high intensity (p=0.023) exercise. Exercise intensity did not affect the levels of adiponectin in females (p=0.118) and males (p=0.435). Adiponectin levels of males and females were not different after moderate (p=0.179) and high intensity (p=0.173) exercise.

Exercise intensity (moderate and high) doesn’t affect the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in male and female futsal players. So, to levels of these hormones, it doesn’t matter how hard the player exercises.

Evidence has shown that an increase in the skeletal and hepatic biochemical markers is one of the main factors in the exhaustion of the individual. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of one session of exhaustive training on some biochemical markers of skeletal muscles and hepatic metabolism in men handball players. The present study was a quasi-experimental research method in which 12 handball players with at least 2 years' experience in a superior league (age= 21.42±1.56 years, height= 186 ± 5.85 cm and weight= 83.25 ± 10 kg, body mass index= 24.09 ± 2.93 kg. m-2) were randomly selected. Fasting blood samples were collected before and immediately after the maximum Bruce protocol test in order to measure the biochemical changes in skeletal muscles (LDH, CPK and lactate) and hepatic metabolism (ALT and AST). Paired t-test was used to analyze the data. The significance level was less than 0.05. The results showed that the lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.004), lactate (P = 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.001) levels increased significantly immediately after the exhaustive exercise. The levels of creatine phosphokinase (P = 0.20), aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.16) increased but the increase was not statistically significant. According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that progressive exhaustive exercise may increase in some of the biochemical markers of skeletal muscle and liver metabolism. Therefore, it is recommended to trainers and athletes to pay more attention to the training principles of practice.