Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies
Volume:6 Issue: 3, Jul 2019

Balance control results from multiple interactions between different systems: input from the visual, the somatosensory, and the vestibular systems are integrated and regulated by the central nervous system to ensure standing balance. One of the effective interventions is using ankle taping. The purpose of this review was to assess the effectiveness of ankle taping on balance in central nervous system diseases.

 This study is a systematic review and databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Ovid, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for original scientific articles that were published between January 1990 to July 2018. Studies investigating the effect of therapeutic ankle taping on balance in central nervous system diseases were included. The PEDro quality scale was used to investigate the studies included; it investigates taping, balance, central nervous system disease.

Seven articles were included from 256 relevant articles. There were differences among the studies in terms of methodology, design, outcomes, sample size, procedure, etc. The results showed that using lower leg taping can be effective in balance improvement.

Using lower leg taping can be effective in balance improvement in central nervous system diseases.

Cadmium has negative effects on various tissues of the body while selenium has antioxidant activities. Moreover, the benefits of exercise training for apoptotic factors including caspase-3 and cytochrome c, as well as cyclin D, have been regarded.

Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the anti-apoptotic effects of continuous training and selenium consumption on the liver tissue of cadmium-exposed rats.

In this study, 25 rats were selected and randomly divided into five groups of five rats including: (1) control, (2) selenium consumption, (3) continuous training, (4) continuous training with selenium consumption, and (5) sham. For eight weeks, groups 1 to 4 received peritoneal cadmium (2 mg/kg) daily; groups 2 and 4 received peritoneal selenium (0.23 mg/kg) daily; and groups 3 and 4 performed continuous training three sessions per week. Caspase-3, cytochrome c, and cyclin D were measured at the protein level.

Cadmium consumption significantly increased the protein levels of caspase-3 and cytochrome c and decreased cyclin D in rats (P = 0.001). Selenium consumption and continuous training significantly decreased the protein levels of caspase-3 and cytochrome c and increased cyclin D in rats exposed to cadmium (P = 0.001). Continuous training along with selenium consumption had interactive effects on increasing the protein levels of cyclin D in rats exposed to cadmium (P = 0.02).

It appears that continuous training and selenium consumption have interactive anti-apoptotic effects in the liver tissue of cadmium-exposed rats.

Obesity is a multi-factorial physical disorder that can lead to motor disorders and muscle mass loss. On the other hand, regular exercises and crocin consumption can exert anti-apoptotic effects.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of swimming training along with crocin consumption on the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in muscle tissue of obese rats.

In this experimental study, 35 obese male Sprague Dawley rats (age: 16 weeks; weight: 390.12 ± 38.11) were selected and randomly divided into five groups of 7 mice including (1) control, (2) sham, (3) swimming training, (4) crocin consumption, and (5) swimming training and crocin consumption. During eight weeks, groups 3 and 5 performed swimming training three sessions per week and each session lasted 30 - 60 min, and groups 4 and 5 received 25 mg/kg of crocin (peritoneal) daily.

Swimming training had a significant effect on decreased Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) gene expression (P = 0.001) and increased P53 (P = 0.001) in the muscle tissue of obese rats while crocin consumption significantly decreased the Bax gene expression (P = 0.001). Moreover, swimming training with crocin consumption had interaction effects on decreased Bax gene expression in the muscle tissue of obese rats (P = 0.001).

It seems that crocin consumption along with training can modify and prevent the progression of apoptosis induced by obesity

Escherichia coli are resistant to β-lactam antibiotics due to the acquisition of plasmids that encode broad-spectrum β-lactamases. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have particular importance in antimicrobial therapy. The current study aimed at determining the frequency and role of SHV, CTX-M, and IMP genes in resistance to ceftriaxone, imipenem, and piperacillin antibiotics in E. coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI).

The study population included outpatients and inpatients of two genders in all ages with UTI. A total of 270 non-duplicate E. coli stains producing ESBL from Velayat Hospital, Damghan city, Semnan province, Iran were isolated using screening and double-disc phenotypic test. All isolates were screened to detect SHV, CTX-M, and IMP genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

In total, 120 (44.4%) samples were positive for ESBLs including 30% CTX-M, 27.5% SHV, and 0% IMP genes. The obtained results showed that the responses of male and female patients to the examined antibiotic were different. The distribution of underlying diseases (diabetes, kidney stones, obstructive disease, congenital anomalies, and hospitalization history) was different in patients with UTI. It was observed that after hospitalization history, diabetes had the highest frequency in female (31.08%) and male (27.59%) patients with UTI.

However, bacterial strains producing ESBLs such as E. coli should be considered as a major threat to public health due to the risk of resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Therefore, to prevent resistance to antibiotics, indiscriminate administration of such agents should be avoided.

Diazinon is an insecticide from the organophosphorus group, which can increase the oxidative stress in the body. It has been established that training and antioxidant supplementation can improve oxidative stress system by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA); meanwhile, increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT).

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) and berberine chloride (BC) supplementation on oxidative stress indices in the cerebellum tissue of diazinon-poisoned rats.

Fifty-six Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n = 8), including resistance training (RT) (each session 2 sets of 6 repetitions, each one required 8 to 12 active movements with intensity of 10% - 50% of body weight, 3 sessions per week), BC2 (BC: 2 mg/kg), BC15 (BC: 15 mg/kg), RT + BC2, RT + BC15, diazinon, and control. MDA, SOD, and CAT were measured in the cerebellum tissue.

RT and BC significantly reduced MDA protein levels (P < 0.01), while increased SOD protein levels (P < 0.01) and CAT protein levels (P < 0.01) in the cerebellum tissue of diazinon-poisoned rats; RT with BC had interactive effects on decreasing MDA (P < 0.01), while increasing SOD (P < 0.01) and CAT protein levels (P < 0.01). Also, the consumption of 15 mg/kg BC rather than 2 mg/kg BC significantly increased SOD protein levels (P = 0.02).

It seems that RT combination with BC has Interactive effects on the improvement of oxidative stress markers in the cerebellum tissue of diazinon-poisoned rats

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of spinal manipulation (SMT) compared with spinal mobilization (MOB) on pain, disability, quality of life, sciatica and general perception of recovery in individuals with lumbar disk herniation with radiculopathy (LDHR).

A total of 40 individuals with LDHR will be randomly allocated into 2 groups; 20 participants each in SMT and MOB groups. Each participant will be assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks of intervention. Outcomes will also be assessed at 6th and 12th months of follow-up. Outcomes to be assessed will include pain (VAS), functional disability (RMDQ - Rolland Morris disability questionnaire), sciatica bothersomeness index (SBI), sciatica frequency index (SFI), quality of life (SF-36), general perception of recovery (GROC) and objective functional impairment (TUG-timed up and go test).

This trial will determine the difference in outcomes between spinal manipulative therapy and spinal mobilization groups in individuals with LDHR.

Literatures indicate a strong association between biomechanical factors, i.e., increased knee adduction moment (KAM) and knee osteoarthritis. Laboratory studies showed that yoga exercises and medial thrust (MT) gait pattern could reduce the KAM. However, there is a lack of clinical evidence to support their efficacy compared to current exercise therapy regimens.

This randomized control trial will compare the effects of combined yoga and the MT gait training and conventional knee exercises on gait biomechanics, pain, and function in people with knee OA.

Forty patients with knee OA will be randomly allocated to two treatment groups: (1) the yoga and MT gait group (YogaMT), and (2) the conventional physiotherapy group. Exercise therapy for the YogaMT group includes the MT gait training, and the yoga exercises, and for the conventional physiotherapy group, conventional knee strengthening exercises. The amount of KAM during gait, pain severity, and the functional score will be assessed at baseline, two days and one month after 12 sessions of treatment.

Physiotherapists should explore etiology-based interventions targeting the contributing factors to the development and progression of OA. The results of this RCT may help suggest a more effective treatment for patients with knee OA.

Oral melanotic macule (OMM) is a benign discoloration of oral mucosa that is identified by an increase in melanin pigmentation. The diagnosis of OMM is critical because it may have a similarity to oral melanoma at early stages. Therefore, microscopic examination is necessary to confirm the accurate diagnosis of the OMM.

We report two cases of discoloration in the oral cavity with asymmetry and border irregularity. After obtaining informed consent, we performed an excisional biopsy that showed the increase of melanin adjacent to the basal and parabasal layers of squamous epithelial cells, confirming the diagnosis of OMM.

Early melanoma can have a similar clinical appearance to OMM. Therefore, an excisional biopsy can be done and the diagnosis of OMM can be confirmed by microscopic examination

Respiratory rehabilitation is requested for a 57-year-old female due to dyspnea and nonproductive cough after two days of a cytoreductive laparotomy due to a giant ovarian tumor (mucinous cystadenocarcinoma). The examination revealed semiology of massive right hemithorax pulmonary effusion and globular abdomen with displaceable dullness compatible with ascites. Preoperative radiography was normal, yet the current radiograph showed complete opacity of the right hemithorax with deviation of the trachea to the right, compatible with complete atelectasis of the lung and massive pleural effusion (hydrothorax). The diagnosis of hydrothorax in the context of this patient was related to the presentation of Pseudo-Meigs syndrome (ovarian adenocarcinoma + ascites + pleural effusion). Respiratory physiotherapy, electrolyte control, and diuretics were prescribed, which partially improved the hydrothorax after one week of evolution. The case was reviewed for sudden, delayed, and infrequent debut of the massive pleural effusion, and the physiopathology and management of hydrothorax was reviewed.