Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Mar 2020

Corona viruses are large group of viruses that can cause sickness ranging from normal flu to severe respiratory diseases. The new novel corona virus (nCOV-19) or COVID-19 is a new kind of pandemic virus that did not identified before in humans. Global nations have heightened their surveillance in the quick diagnosis of potential cases across the COVID-19. After it had originated in China more cases were identified, later it imported to other countries such as America, and European countries. According to the WHO statistics, this virus outbreak in tropical countries is relatively lower than other nations. Some studies were proven that humidity and climate situations could play a vital role in COVID-19 spread. This short communication paper is explains that similar to other respiratory viruses like flu, influenza is there any chance of low outbreak of COVID-19 in tropic nations. Besides, we also explains the preventive recommendations that nationalities needs to follow to surpass this novel epidemic.

The whole planet is facing one of the scariest pandemic situations in this era. On 11th February, 2020 the World Health Organization announced the name of an unknown disease as COVID-19, which is caused by the ssRNA virus SARS-CoV-2 (formally recognized as a sister of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV). The epicenter of this disease is Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. COVID-19 can affect all age groups but particularly affects immune compromised persons and those more than 60 years of age with co-morbid conditions like heart disease, diabetes, cancer, or HIV/AIDS. It is highly contagious disease that involves mild to severe respiratory symptoms and breathing problems. The transmission occurs through respiratory droplets and person-to-person contact. As SARS-CoV-2 is a new strain of β-coronavirus that spreads from animals to humans via an unknown intermediate host, no vaccines have been developed yet and only supportive treatment is given to the infected patients. Some antiviral drugs are approved and prescribed to the patients and some others are still under investigation. Therefore, social distancing, home quarantine, and proper healthy lifestyle are the best current options to avoid further spread of this pervasive virus.

The advent of chloroquine promising activity against the COVID-19 is novel and as such, it is imperative to thoroughly understand and determine the rate at which individual body systems handle the drug. Chloroquine a known antimalarial drug belongs to the chemical class of 4-aminoquinolines. The aim of the study was to analyze Chloroquine and its metabolite in biological fluids of healthy subjects by simple thin layer chromatography (TLC), which is an efficient, and inexpensive method for quantifying Chloroquine and its metabolites. 30 healthy volunteers participated in the study by ingesting 500mg of chloroquine, and the results were compared with side effects experienced by these subjects. Two brands of Chloroquine phosphate were used for the analysis and the urine were collected pre and post-drug administration and the intensities of the spots observed were compared with the reference standard stock solution. The same or greater intensity of sample spot indicates poor metabolizer, less intensity when compared to the stock spot indicates intermediate metabolizer while a much lesser intensity indicates an extensive metabolizer. There was a statistically significant difference between the brands of chloroquine used at P-value < 0.05. 30% of the volunteers were assigned poor metabolizer phenotype, 50% were assigned extensive metabolizer phenotype and 20% assigned Intermediate metabolizer phenotype based on the intensity of spots observed. The majority of the poor metabolizers were females while the majority of the extensive metabolizers were males; depicting the role of gender in metabolism. Routine implementation of phenotype determination prior to therapy will therefore greatly improve the goal of therapy and quality of life.

The recent outbreak of COVID-19 is considered to be one of the biggest disasters faced in the history which has already killed 211568 and effected 3065739 people across the world (As on 28th April 2020). Thus, there is an alarming need to discuss novel treatment strategies for treatment of such viral outbreaks. Viral diseases affect millions of people around the world, with a major effect on human health and socio-economic development. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects more than 40 million people alone. This analysis examines the different nanocarriers (e.g. liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, etc.) based on methods implemented in the literature and in the clinic to address the numerous challenges faced by the antiviral therapy. This review includes recent strategy devised using Nanomedicine to treat H1N1 Influenza virus.  In this review we also tried to discuss few viruses which help in cancer therapy including recent developments in treatment of COVID-19 using Nanotechnology.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease with a rapid increase in cases and deaths since its first discovery in December 2019, in Wuhan, China. Limited data on COVID-19 during pregnancy are available; however, information on diseases associated with other highly pathogenic coronaviruses (i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) may provide insight into the effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy. Coronaviruses cause illness ranging from the common cold to severe respiratory disease and death. Currently, COVID-19's primary epidemiological risk factors include travel from mainland China (especially the province of Hubei) or close contact with infected individuals within 14 days of the onset of symptoms. The data indicate a ~5-day incubation period (range-2-14 days). The average age of hospitalized patients was 49-56 years, with an underlying illness a third to half. Children were rarely mentioned. Within hospitalized cases men were more frequent (54-73 percent). Fever, cough, myalgia, vomiting and diarrhea are common symptoms. This review aims at giving a in depth understanding on COVID-19 by comparing its effect with SARS and MERS to evaluate its severity in recent times in pregnant women. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease with a rapid increase in cases and deaths since its first discovery in December 2019, in Wuhan, China. Limited data on COVID-19 during pregnancy are available; however, information on diseases associated with other highly pathogenic coronaviruses (i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) may provide insight into the effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy. Coronaviruses cause illness ranging from the common cold to severe respiratory disease and death. Currently, COVID-19's primary epidemiological risk factors include travel from mainland China (especially the province of Hubei) or close contact with infected individuals within 14 days of the onset of symptoms. The data indicate a ~5-day incubation period (range-2-14 days). The average age of hospitalized patients was 49-56 years, with an underlying illness a third to half. Children were rarely mentioned. Within hospitalized cases men were more frequent (54-73 percent). Fever, cough, myalgia, vomiting and diarrhea are common symptoms. This review aims at giving a in depth understanding on COVID-19 by comparing its effect with SARS and MERS to evaluate its severity in recent times in pregnant women.