نشریه پژوهش های نقد ادبی و سبک شناسی
پیاپی 39 (بهار 1399)

The cultures and beliefs of each region are formed based on the specific geographical and climatic conditions of that region. The sea has long been perceived as an important myth by the people of The South, including Bushehr( the people of Bushehr). In the works of the storytellers of Bushehr, this element, as a pivotal character, has played a major role in the formation of some stories. The fictional function of the sea in these stories originates from the ancient mythology of The Region and in more general way, from Persia. This descriptive- analytical research examines the following works: Ahl-e Gharq,Siria Siria(short stories),Di Jacob and Abi, the novels written by Moniroo Ravanipour; "a sea that was always stormy", the novel that was written by Sadeq Chubak ; Ac-e Nahs, a novel written by Mohsen Sharif, Jasad Ghotevar(the float corpse) and Asal the daughter of Mokhtar, the novels written by Ahmad Aram. Also, we have attempted to provide some evidence regarding the human-like functions of the sea (some evidence that exist in mythological texts).

Fatalism is one of the issues in the field of philosophy of science that has found its way into literature. Based on the assessments of the academics' hypothesis, structuralism is the analysis of language in the habit of words. In this method, the features of a language are codes, and the language system cannot be limited to describing linguistic forms independent of transnational functions. Given the high frequency of the word “Fortune” in the scripts of poets, these words should be considered as figurative words that are rooted in the subconscious of their utterers. In this article, the relationship between such words in "Makhzan –al asrar "and Zorvani's fatalism is observed and the method of analysis based on the theory of structuralism is the spotting of words at the meta-semantic level. While observing these words, the effect of fate on the thoughts of poets and their transfer to later periods has been discussed. In the end, it is concluded by presenting evidence that although Nezami expresses Ash'ari theological opinions, but when using words such as Bakht; It follows the pattern of Zorvani-Zoroastrian believed.

The current essay is an effort to proffer a critical method based on concrete and measurable criterion. Formalists believe that literary language is a peculiar sort of language that is fore grounded by formal elements. Accordingly, it seems that all elements of this language are recognizable and descriptive. To determine the literariness of a text, initially its formal elements must be designated and ascertained. Then, concerning the alienation of these elements to atomized language, literary value of each element is stipulated in comparison with the others. Subsequently, the total literary levels of the applied elements in the text must be considered as a measure to delimitate literary level of the whole text. Besides the mentioned cases, this critical method suggests subjective and measurable strategies to study a text in three fields: consistency, creativity and variance. Deliberately proposing the text literary value in a sentence or verse, by referential sentences, this method contemplates and ponders these factors: consistency, creativity and variance.

Feminists believe that in a male-dominated society men are in authority over women. According to Feminists, the causes of women’s subversion in the patriarchal society are men’s access to power structures, the unequal distribution of social privileges and inappropriate relations between men and women. Patriarchy is a notable issue in literary texts. Bahram Beyzaie is one of authors. He writes plays, and one of the main issues of his plays is gender inequality and differences in women and men’s roles. The purpose of this paper is to explore the position of female characters in the patriarchal world of Bahram Beyzai’s  "The Death of Akbar and Her One Thousand and One Nights" plays have been explored through a descriptive- analytical approach. This study shows that abuse of women, alienation from women, suppression of self-esteem, security and identity challenges, otherness, etc., are signs and factors of patriarchy.

One of the most important works of Reza Amirkhani – who can be considered a leading author and owning a style in the resistance and anti-colonial literature – is his “Bivatan” novel in which the author through an meaningful arrangement of west modern cultural demonstration beside eastern traditional, has represented the contrast between these two culture and hidden and apparent struggle between the very well to audience.  The importance of this novel is in that the author has been able in the form of post-modern literature, and utilizing the events of the contemporary world such as imperialism leadership and dominance on the other countries, challenge the cultural contrast of west and east, influence of the west language on the east and also the eastern identity crisis and report its result in the form of increasing development of west’s extensive influence on the east. The present research utilizing descriptive-analytical method highlights the components of Edward Said’s thinking such as: traditional identity and modernity, east inferiority compared to the leadership and dominance of the west world, contrast of the identity concept of self and other in the post-colonial area and in the base of the “Bivatan” novel.

Mahdi Akhavan-Sales, a prominent Iranian poet, and Salah Abdul Saboor, a prominent Egyptian poet, each have their own role in reflecting on their social realities, expressing their grumbling grudge and grudge against a society whose people are alien to social truths and They do not care about the position of reformist intellectuals. The purpose of this essay is to investigate the poet's life and poetry, based on the social conditions and inner spirits of the two poets, and their main concerns in the field of literature, the "winter poetry" of Akhavan-Sales and the " Abdul Saboor are analyzed and compared, and the similarities and differences between these two poems are explained to the audience through content, form, music, linguistic structure and imagery. The results of this study indicate that both the poets are experiencing the political and social conditions governing their own society, in particular, loneliness, pain and disappointment, and failure, and in their winter poetry, by using their music and linguistic capacities, their bitter experience With the difference that the Brotherhood's winter poetry reveals a failure in the social dimension with a particular pain and disorientation of hope, while Abdul Sabur  poses a defeat in the individual's dimension.

One of the hallmarks of contemporary Arabic poetry is the reflection of literary heritage in that poetry, while ancient myths occupy a prominent place, so that poets in their poetry offices express their desires and hearts. Social-political activists, with the aim of authenticizing their literary work, have come out of it and exited from enrichment. The present study seeks to describe how the mythical personality of Oedipus came to be and how it was invoked and applied by a descriptive-analytical method in contemporary Arab poetry by two prominent Palestinian poets, Mahmoud Darwish (1941- 2008) and Samih al-Qasim (1939-2014). ) To analyze and critique and finally, drawing on the American model of adaptation, to make a comparative critique of the poets' style of inspiration in the aforementioned myth. It is understood that the aforementioned had a socio-political reading of the aforementioned myth and attempted to induce the audience to use their ancient personality as well as to draw on personal and impersonal concerns through the use of this ancient personality. Challenge themselves and, in turn, challenge the heterogeneous environment of the environment.

One of the keys to unraveling the complexities and understanding or obscuring of modern stories is to understand the narrative style and storytelling techniques. Each story generates unique questions and answers associated with narrative practices. Choosing and Creating the Narrative Style opens up to the author among the old or recurring concepts and themes of the narrative - a new world. Bijan Najdi is one of the contemporary modernist storytellers who has special techniques in storytelling, and these particular techniques distinguish his stories from those of other contemporary storytellers. In the present article, Bijan Najdi's collection of cheetahs that ran with me is examined from the perspective of modern narrative techniques. The research results show that he used modern narrative techniques such as: narrative narrative, plural narrative, and delirious narrative, use of cinematic techniques, angle of view rotation, and so on.